While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this booklet, it is only a summary and should not be relied upon as a substitute for detailed advice in individual cases.

Deacons 2020

Contents

Introduction Corporate insolvency

2 2

Available procedures

2

Liquidation

2

Members' voluntary liquidation

2

Creditors' voluntary liquidation

3

Compulsory liquidation

3

Which procedure?

3

Receivership

3

Scheme of arrangement3

During the COVID-19 crisis, many companies are facing unexpected financial distress, and taking steps to stabilise their business and bolster their finances.

Many directors will not have experienced these issues before, and should be aware of how their duties are impacted when the company is in financial distress.

This guide has been prepared on the basis of Hong Kong law principles. Many of the principles will also be applicable to other common law jurisdictions.

How are companies responding to the current crisis?

Directors of Hong Kong companies under cashflow pressure or financial distress should be aware that as their companies approach insolvency, their duties are increasingly owed to the creditors of their companies rather than to the shareholders of their companies. Pressure from suppliers and other creditors to make payments can place directors in a difficult position of incurring personal liability.

The tragically unforeseen current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to all aspects of Hong Kong society including the health of its citizens, the economy and the business community.

This is the twenty-ninth in our series of General Counsel Updates which aim to summarise major developments in key areas.

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High Court provides guidance on voluntary administration and creditors’ meetings under COVID-19 Alert Level 4

A recent decision of the High Court provides helpful guidance for insolvency practitioners on how aspects of the voluntary administration regime should operate in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed immense strain across the whole of the economy and raises the issue of how company directors should balance their obligations to shareholders and creditors while ensuring that they protect themselves from any personal liability.

Companies and their directors in the following sectors of the economy face difficult decisions:

随着内地与香港的经济贸易往来日益频繁，近年来破产案件中需要通过跨境破产合作解决的问题也日益增多。虽然2019年1月发布的《关于内地与香港特别行政区法院相互认可和执行民商事案件判决的安排》仍未将破产（清盘）案件包括在内，但是近年来实践中已经开始出现一些内地与香港法院互相承认对方破产（清盘）程序的效力、承认对方破产管理人（清盘人）地位的案例，这一新动向值得跨境投资者关注。

内地对香港清盘程序的态度

根据最高法2011年对《企业破产法》第五条的解释，香港法院作出的“清盘令不属于《企业破产法》下内地法院应认可和执行的境外法院的判决、裁定”。但是，最高法2014年审结的“新加坡中华环保案”为香港清盘人在内地法院审理的案件中代表被清盘公司诉讼创造了可能性。

该案原告是一家新加坡企业，已经破产并被指定了管理人。最高法院援引《涉外民事关系法律适用法》第十四条的规定，认为该案的争议问题实质是原告破产企业的代表人及其诉讼地位、相关权利的认定，应当适用原告登记地法律即新加坡法，进而认可破产管理人有权代表公司继续诉讼。根据这一裁判思路，内地法院有可能对已被清盘的香港公司适用其注册登记地法律，即香港法律，来认定香港清盘人在内地法院案件中的诉讼地位及相关权利，从而使香港清盘人有权代表被清盘公司在内地法院参加诉讼活动。

Recent Hong Kong cases have highlighted varying approaches regarding the impact of arbitration clauses on insolvency proceedings, in particular, on the Court’s discretion to make a winding-up order where a debt is disputed.

Recent judgments have varied between the so-called Traditional Approach which requires the company-debtor to show a genuine dispute on substantial grounds and the Lasmos Approach which requires the company only to commence arbitration in a timely manner.