The recent NCLT Kochi Bench judgment in Regional Provident Fund Commissioner vs.
What are antecedent transactions in insolvency?
Depuis le 1er janvier 2025, de nouvelles dispositions du droit suisse des sociétés sont en vigueur, qui empêchent de manière ciblée les abus de faillite, interdisent le commerce d’enveloppes de sociétés surendettées (sociétés-écrans) et structurent plus clairement le droit de la révision. Avec l’introduction de l’article 684a CO et la révision de l’article 727a CO, le législateur fixe de nouvelles normes en matière de transparence et de protection des créanciers – et crée des règles claires pour les opting-outs et les transactions par enveloppe.
Since January 1, 2025, new provisions have been in force in Swiss company law that specifically prevent bankruptcy abuses, prevent trading in over-indebted shell companies and provide a clearer structure for auditing law. With the introduction of Art. 684a CO and the revision of Art. 727a CO, the legislator is setting new standards in terms of transparency and creditor protection – and creating clear rules for opting-outs and shell company transactions.
Seit dem 1. Januar 2025 gelten neue Bestimmungen im Schweizer Gesellschaftsrecht, die gezielt Konkursmissbräuche verhindern, den Handel mit überschuldeten Gesellschaftshüllen (Mantelgesellschaften) unterbinden und das Revisionsrecht klarer strukturieren. Mit der Einführung von Art. 684a OR und der Revision von Art. 727a OR setzt der Gesetzgeber neue Standards in Sachen Transparenz und Gläubigerschutz – und schafft klare Regeln für Opting-Outs und Manteltransaktionen.
С 1 января 2025 г. в швейцарском законодательстве о компаниях действуют новые положения, которые специально предотвращают злоупотребления при банкротстве, препятствуют торговле подставными компаниями с чрезмерной задолженностью и более четко структурируют аудиторское законодательство. Введя ст. 684a CO и пересмотрев ст. 727a CO, законодатель устанавливает новые стандарты прозрачности и защиты кредиторов, а также создает четкие правила для отказа от участия и сделок с подставными компаниями.
The decision of the Federal Court inTrue North Copper Limited (Administrators Appointed) [2024] FCA 1329 demonstrates the exercise of the Court’s discretion in giving effect to the objects of Pt 5.3A of theCorporations Act 2001 (Cth), whilst offering protection to administrators against liabilities which may arise when making commercial decisions in the course of discharging their duties effectively.
Introduction
European corporate defaults show signs of levelling off; risks remain tilted to downside Two years of rating pressure on European corporates shows signs of easing but credit risk remains tilted to the downside for the rest of 2025 given geopolitical uncertainty, economic headwinds and challenging financing conditions for the smallest firms. Scope Ratings forecasts that corporate defaults will ease in the second half of 2025 and through 2026, supported by the region’s gradual return to more robust GDP growth after two years of stagnation.
2025年9月12日，十四届全国人大常委会第十七次会议对《中华人民共和国企业破产法（修订草案）》进行了审议，并向全社会公布了修订草案稿，向全社会公开征求意见。这部备受瞩目、可称得上是国家经济晴雨表的重要法律，在历经超过十八年实施和司法实践检验的风风雨雨后，终于迎来了立法上的第一次修订。回首2007年6月1日生效施行以来，我国《企业破产法》历经十八年的破产司法实践，可以说是从十八年前的“儿童节”呱呱坠地到现在十八年后已经“长大成人”，承载的是破产立法者、司法者、执法者、管理人以及所有参与到破产司法实践中的广大债权人、债务人及投资人的冀望和期许，本次修订意义重大。
纵观本次破产法修订草案，从原《企业破产法》共13章136条，到现《修订草案》共16章216条，修改、删除、新增条款多达160余条，修订条文比例超过70%，条文调整幅度不可谓不大。纵观法律条文变化，新增了大量新概念、新制度，制度创新力度不可谓不大。笔者结合多年来担任破产管理人、破产债权人的代理人、破产债务人及其股东的代理人、重整投资人专项顾问等破产实务经验，对《企业破产法（修订草案）》进行了研读，站在破产司法实践的视角尝试进行实践解读并展开思考。
一、对《企业破产法（修订草案）》的整体解读
Winding-up proceedings are draconian and can lead to a company’s demise. For this reason the insolvency legislation stipulates that service of a winding up petition cannot take place by post, but instead must be personally delivered to a company’s registered office address.