在国有企业对外投资实践中，利润分配是国有资本保值增值的核心环节之一，但具体能否实现、如何实现取决于公司的经营、管理情况。《公司法解释（四）》对强制利润分配作出规范，为解决该类公司内部争议提供了新的法律路径，但司法实践中仍面临诸多待明确的问题：强制盈余分配的适格被告是否仅为公司？控股股东、董监高能否被列为责任主体、承担何种责任？因利润分配产生的公司僵局又如何处理？此类争议的背后，是国有参股方对“公司内部纠纷有效化解”的现实需求，也牵涉公司自治边界与司法介入尺度在个案语境中的“博弈”。

一、国有企业股权投资中利润分配的监管要求

国有企业对外投资利润分配受众多法律法规及监管规定规范，随经济发展与国企改革不断完善，都体现出平衡商业利益，推动合资发展的理念。

In a recent decision, In the matter of Toys “R” Us ANZ Limited (subject to deed of company arrangement) [2025] FCA 1135, the Federal Court provided important clarification as to its discretionary power to permit the administrator of a deed of company arrangement to transfer share in the company. 

The recent NCLT Kochi Bench judgment in Regional Provident Fund Commissioner vs.

What are antecedent transactions in insolvency?

Depuis le 1er janvier 2025, de nouvelles dispositions du droit suisse des sociétés sont en vigueur, qui empêchent de manière ciblée les abus de faillite, interdisent le commerce d’enveloppes de sociétés surendettées (sociétés-écrans) et structurent plus clairement le droit de la révision. Avec l’introduction de l’article 684a CO et la révision de l’article 727a CO, le législateur fixe de nouvelles normes en matière de transparence et de protection des créanciers – et crée des règles claires pour les opting-outs et les transactions par enveloppe.

Since January 1, 2025, new provisions have been in force in Swiss company law that specifically prevent bankruptcy abuses, prevent trading in over-indebted shell companies and provide a clearer structure for auditing law. With the introduction of Art. 684a CO and the revision of Art. 727a CO, the legislator is setting new standards in terms of transparency and creditor protection – and creating clear rules for opting-outs and shell company transactions.

Seit dem 1. Januar 2025 gelten neue Bestimmungen im Schweizer Gesellschaftsrecht, die gezielt Konkursmissbräuche verhindern, den Handel mit überschuldeten Gesellschaftshüllen (Mantelgesellschaften) unterbinden und das Revisionsrecht klarer strukturieren. Mit der Einführung von Art. 684a OR und der Revision von Art. 727a OR setzt der Gesetzgeber neue Standards in Sachen Transparenz und Gläubigerschutz – und schafft klare Regeln für Opting-Outs und Manteltransaktionen.

С 1 января 2025 г. в швейцарском законодательстве о компаниях действуют новые положения, которые специально предотвращают злоупотребления при банкротстве, препятствуют торговле подставными компаниями с чрезмерной задолженностью и более четко структурируют аудиторское законодательство. Введя ст. 684a CO и пересмотрев ст. 727a CO, законодатель устанавливает новые стандарты прозрачности и защиты кредиторов, а также создает четкие правила для отказа от участия и сделок с подставными компаниями.

The decision of the Federal Court inTrue North Copper Limited (Administrators Appointed) [2024] FCA 1329 demonstrates the exercise of the Court’s discretion in giving effect to the objects of Pt 5.3A of theCorporations Act 2001 (Cth), whilst offering protection to administrators against liabilities which may arise when making commercial decisions in the course of discharging their duties effectively.

Introduction

European corporate defaults show signs of levelling off; risks remain tilted to downside Two years of rating pressure on European corporates shows signs of easing but credit risk remains tilted to the downside for the rest of 2025 given geopolitical uncertainty, economic headwinds and challenging financing conditions for the smallest firms. Scope Ratings forecasts that corporate defaults will ease in the second half of 2025 and through 2026, supported by the region’s gradual return to more robust GDP growth after two years of stagnation.