美国是世界上最容易开展业务的司法管辖区之一1。监管壁垒总体较低，建立分支机构或业务实体方 便快捷，相比其他多数发达经济体，劳动就业法律对雇主更为友好，并且法律体系发达、透明。然 而，在美国进行投资或设立业务之前，仍有若干准入壁垒及营商挑战需要考虑。 本刊将简要介绍可能限制非美国人进入美国市场或在美国设立业务后开展业务能力的贸易管制问题， 以及对外国投资者而言极其重要的公司、商事、劳动就业、移民、知识产权、反洗钱、反垄断、出 口管制、反腐败、责任、破产等法律及实践。本刊并非综合性指南，仅对投资者需要考虑及与法律 顾问商讨的一些重要问题加以概述。
Decoding the code - China's new General Civil Law Rules: the first step towards a comprehensive civil code June 2017 Decoding the code - China's new General Civil Law Rules: the first step towards a comprehensive civil code June 2017 1 Overview and background On 15 March 2017, the People's Republic of China General Civil Law Rules (中华人民共和国 民法总则) (hereinafter referred to as the "GCLR") were formally adopted at the Fifth Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress. The GCLR will enter into force on 1 October 2017.
On 11 June 2014, the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China ("PRC" or "China") handed down its ruling in the case of Sino-environment Technology Group Limited ("Sino-environment") v Thumb Env-Tech Group (Fujian) Co., Ltd ("Thumb").
OVERVIEW
This note outlines the various formal insolvency proceedings available in the People's Republic of China (excluding for purposes of this guide, the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao and the territory of Taiwan) ("PRC").
On October 21, 2008, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission of the PRC (CIRC) issued the Circular on Implementing the Administrative Provisions on the Solvency of Insurance Companies which went into effect on the same day. The Administrative Provisions on the Solvency of Insurance Companies, which the Circular intends to implement, replaced the 2003 Provisions for the Administration of the Insurance Company Solvency Quota and Regulatory Indices (the 2003 Provisions). The 2003 Provisions did not prioritize solvency issues.
On December 29, 2008, the State Administration for Taxation (SAT) and the Ministry of Finance (MOF) jointly promulgated the Circular on Several Deed Tax Policies Concerning Enterprise Reorganization and Restructuring, (Cai Shui (2008) 175, Circular 175). Circular 175 took effect on January 1, 2009, and will be effective through December 31, 2011.
Throughout the global economic meltdown, the number of bankruptcy cases in China has risen considerably. To shed light on bankruptcy proceedings and stabilize the domestic economy, the Supreme People’s Court of the PRC issued Opinions on Several Issues Regarding the Proper Adjudication of Enterprise Bankruptcy Cases to Provide a Judicial Safeguard for Maintaining Order in the Market Economy on June 12, 2009. The Opinions direct courts at all levels to properly apply the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law (EBL) to assist insolvent enterprises, maintain market order, and stabilize the economy.
On 17 July 2014, the regulation creating the European Account Preservation Order ("EAPO") came into force. This regulation will serve as an alternative to domestic remedies and relates to the freezing of bank accounts across participating EU Member States. The EAPO Regulation will be applicable from 18 January 2017. It will automatically apply to all Member States except the UK and Denmark which have opted out of the EAPO; therefore, it will not apply to assets located in those countries.
What's New?
The German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfG) will soon issue a decision on the constitutionality of Sec. 56 of the German Insolvency Statute. According to Sec. 56, only independent natural persons can be appointed as insolvency administrators. Thus, accounting firms, law firms, and tax consulting firms cannot act as insolvency administrators. In 2013, a German law firm lodged a constitutional complaint asserting that this provision infringed its right of equality before law as well as its right of occupational freedom.
As a consequence of a recent amendment to the German insurance regulatory law, which entered into effect on 2 January 2014, infringements of certain compliance provisions applicable to insurance companies in Germany can constitute a criminal offence.