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    Guide to Doing Business in China
    2019-09-10

    Since China opened its doors to foreign investors around forty years ago, it has been a top recipient for international direct investments. Despite the gradual slowdown of the country’s overall economic growth, foreign interest in China continues to be strong. After a slight decline in 2016, foreign direct investment increased again by 3% to US$134.97 billion in 2018.

    Filed under:
    China, Arbitration & ADR, Competition & Antitrust, Copyrights, Corporate Finance/M&A, Designs and trade secrets, Employment & Labor, Environment & Climate Change, Franchising, Insolvency & Restructuring, IT & Data Protection, Patents, Product Regulation & Liability, Trade & Customs, Trademarks, Mayer Brown
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Mayer Brown
    VIE架构“严格限定”原则真的那么严格么?
    2019-09-18

    一、前言

    众所周知,如从事《外商投资产业指导目录》项下限制或禁止外商投资业务的境内公司拟于境外上市,其无法完全采用股权架构的方式搭建上市架构,而需采用通过合约安排对其境内运营实体(以下简称“OPCO公司”)进行协议控制的架构(以下简称“VIE架构”)完成境外拟上市公司与OPCO公司的链接。

    根据香港联合交易所有限公司(以下简称“联交所”)现行有效的关于VIE架构的上市规定(即联交所于2004年5月23日首次刊发的《有关上市发行人业务使用合约安排的指引》(HKEx-GL77-14,以下简称《VIE指引》)(于2018年4月最新修订)与2005年第一季度刊发的关于合约安排的上市决策(HKEX-LD43-3,以下简称《VIE上市决策》)(于2018年4月最新修订),采用VIE架构的上市申请人应当适用“严格限定”原则(即通常所说“narrowly tailored”规则)。

    但根据我们的项目经验以及案例研究,我们注意到联交所上市规定项下“严格限定”原则似乎尚存在一定灵活适用的空间。本文拟对于《VIE指引》及《VIE上市决策》项下“严格限定”原则及其实践情况进行简要分析,以期为相关读者了解如何适用“严格限定”原则提供参考。

    Filed under:
    China, Corporate Finance/M&A, Insolvency & Restructuring, Global Law Office, Foreign direct investment, Private equity, Hong Kong Stock Exchange
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Global Law Office
    De facto merger bankruptcy: reapportioning creditors’ interests
    2019-10-10

    As the number of enterprise groups in China has increased, the phenomenon of affiliates jointly going into bankruptcy has also become more common. Once a member of an enterprise group enters a bankruptcy procedure, whether its affiliates will also simultaneously enter the procedure with it has consistently been an issue of concern to creditors.

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Real Estate, Jingtian & Gongcheng
    Authors:
    Bangwei Xu
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Jingtian & Gongcheng
    Main modes to initiate substantive consolidation bankruptcy
    2019-10-21

    The number of substantive consolidation bankruptcy cases of affiliated enterprises in mainland China has gradually increased since 2014. Substantive consolidation bankruptcy means disregarding the independent corporate personality of all affiliated members and treating them as the same enterprise in bankruptcy treatment, so as to pay off debts to creditors in a fair manner, regarding an affiliated enterprise bankruptcy case with significant corporate personality confusion.

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Jingtian & Gongcheng
    Authors:
    Bangwei Xu
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Jingtian & Gongcheng
    5 Elements for Chinese Companies trading into the UK: Part (4)
    2019-10-22

    In our work with international companies supplying goods to the UK, we see the same issues arising regularly. In Part 3, we examined the types of insolvency process a customer may be subject to. In this fourth of five articles based on the five elements of the Wu Xing, we take the theme of Fire and explain the significant powers that arise for the insolvency practitioner on the entry into insolvency: to investigate propriety and recover assets to the central pool to pay creditors.

    Fire: the great powers of the insolvency practitioner regarding transactions defrauding creditors

    Filed under:
    China, United Kingdom, Insolvency & Restructuring, King & Wood Mallesons
    Authors:
    Dorothy Murray
    Location:
    China, United Kingdom
    Firm:
    King & Wood Mallesons
    Singapore Court of Appeal clarifies availability of injunctions in aid of foreign court proceedings 22 October 2019
    2019-10-22

    The Singapore Court may grant freezing injunctions in aid of foreign court proceedings, but the Court must have jurisdiction over the defendant, and a substantive claim must nevertheless be brought against the defendant in Singapore

    In Bi Xiaoqiong v China Medical Technologies, Inc (in liquidation) and

    another [2019] SGCA 50 (“China Medicalâ€), the Singapore Court of Appeal

    (“CoAâ€) confirmed that the Singapore Court may grant freezing (or Mareva)

    injunctions in support of foreign court proceedings. However, the Singapore

    Filed under:
    China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Banking, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Linklaters LLP
    Location:
    China, Hong Kong, Singapore
    Firm:
    Linklaters LLP
    自力救济模式上线:银行间债券市场开启违约处置新阶段
    2019-07-02

    2019年6月17日,中央国债登记结算有限责任公司(以下简称“中央结算公司”)发布《中央结算公司担保品违约处置业务指引(试行)》,银行间市场清算所股份有限公司(以下简称“上海清算所”)发布《银行间市场清算所股份有限公司债券回购违约处置业务实施细则(试行)》和《银行间市场清算所股份有限公司回购债券拍卖处置业务实施细则(试行)》,以及全国银行间同业拆借中心(以下简称“同业拆借中心”)发布《全国银行间同业拆借中心回购违约处置实施细则(试行)》(前述文件以下统称为“违约处置新规”,三家机构统称为“处置机构”),共同构建及明确银行间债券市场的债券违约处置新制度,开创银行间债券市场债券快速处置新阶段。

    处置新规的发布,立即引发了境内外市场参与者的密切关注以及对相关问题的深入探讨。6月20日,中央结算公司及同业拆借中心也分别通过中国债券信息网(www.chinabond.com.cn)和微信公众号“CfetsOnline发布” 进一步发布了关于违约处置新规的答疑。

    基于对违约处置新规的解读以及我们与相关市场参与者的讨论,我们拟通过本文做一些初步梳理、探讨和展望。

    Filed under:
    China, Capital Markets, Insolvency & Restructuring, King & Wood Mallesons
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    King & Wood Mallesons
    资管纠纷:嵌套中的权利虚化与重叠
    2019-07-16

    一、嵌套的本质:收益权的收益权

    嵌套,根据资管新规第二十二条和第二十七条的表述,是指甲资管产品投资乙资管产品的份额。即通过一项资产所设立的产品成为了另外一个产品投资的对象,形成了产品之中还包含产品的现象。

    资产端的嵌套的本质上是以收益权为中心的权利虚化与重叠。试看下述两例:

    图一

    (2016)最高法民终215号案(下称“215号案”,见图一)中,定向资管计划从某投资公司受让了私募债券的收益权,而某银行又从定向资管计划受让了该资管计划的收益权,即“私募债券收益权的收益权”。其中,“私募债券收益权”是在“私募债券”这一概念中分离和抽象出来的虚化标的,“私募债券收益权的收益权”则是在“私募债券收益权”基础上进一步抽象出来的虚化标的,构成 “二重虚化的合同标的”。该案中的多层嵌套结构,如我们之前在《“收益权”创制问题的旧题新解》中分析,本质上就是以高度重合的标的进行的叠加式融资交易。

    图二

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Private Client & Offshore Services, King & Wood Mallesons
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    King & Wood Mallesons
    我国个人破产制度的立法动态及问题前瞻
    2019-07-29

    我国个人破产制度已经提上日程,获得了包括最高法在内的国家机关的关注,理论界也在密集研究。作为一项“给诚实而不幸的人重生的机会”的制度,该制度有利于保护企业家创业创新的精神。同时,该制度对于金融信贷领域,乃至国家社会经济生活都会产生巨大的影响,环球争议解决团队将及时跟进研究,更新解读最新研究成果。

    一、我国个人破产制度的最新立法动态

    2006年8月27日,第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会通过的《中华人民共和国企业破产法》是我国现行破产法,该法适用范围限定为企业法人,包括国有企业法人和承担有限责任的其他企业法人。也就是说,目前,中国的破产法只涉及到企业破产,并没有提到自然人破产。

    该法实施以来,围绕我国是否应该建立个人破产制度理论与实务界一直存在较大争议,出于谨慎考虑,个人破产制度被视为“短期内难以实施”的制度。但随着社会经济形势的发展,建立我国个人破产制度的呼声越来越高,民间的以及官方的研究与推进力度越来越大,尤其是今年以来热度更高,个人破产制度值得关注。

    Filed under:
    China, Insolvency & Restructuring, Global Law Office, People's Bank of China, National Development and Reform Commission
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Global Law Office
    公司经营在美国
    2019-07-31

    美国是世界上最容易开展业务的司法管辖区之一1。监管壁垒总体较低,建立分支机构或业务实体方 便快捷,相比其他多数发达经济体,劳动就业法律对雇主更为友好,并且法律体系发达、透明。然 而,在美国进行投资或设立业务之前,仍有若干准入壁垒及营商挑战需要考虑。 本刊将简要介绍可能限制非美国人进入美国市场或在美国设立业务后开展业务能力的贸易管制问题, 以及对外国投资者而言极其重要的公司、商事、劳动就业、移民、知识产权、反洗钱、反垄断、出 口管制、反腐败、责任、破产等法律及实践。本刊并非综合性指南,仅对投资者需要考虑及与法律 顾问商讨的一些重要问题加以概述。 

    Filed under:
    China, USA, Company & Commercial, Competition & Antitrust, Copyrights, Corporate Finance/M&A, Designs and trade secrets, Employment & Labor, Immigration, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Patents, Tax, Trade & Customs, Trademarks, White Collar Crime, Hogan Lovells, Foreign direct investment, Money laundering, NAFTA, Export Administration Regulations (USA), USMCA
    Location:
    China, USA
    Firm:
    Hogan Lovells

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