On 27 March 2019, the Supreme People’s Court (the “SPC”) published its Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China (III) (the “Bankruptcy Law Interpretation III”) which became effective on 28 March 2019. The Bankruptcy Law Interpretation III clarified certain aspects of the PRC Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, with the ultimate goal of improving the business environment in China by strengthening creditors’ right and the rule of law surrounding corporate insolvencies.
Hong Kong’s restructuring scene is one of the most cross-border in the world, with three-quarters of its listed companies incorporated offshore and most restructurings having a mainland China connection. But the territory still lacks a statutory regime for cross-border recognition – as recently brought into focus in the restructuring of Singaporean engineering company CW Group. What does this mean for international insolvencies in the region?
为创新经济发展模式、扩大对外开放力度,国家设立大湾区并着力将其打造为充满活力的世界级城市群和内地与港澳深度合作示范区。从定位不难看出,实行充分的市场经济和法治经济,为全国经济发展提供新的引擎和全新的模式,无疑是粤港澳大湾区的重要使命。要完成这一神圣使命,离不开破产重整制度。通过破产重整,挽救那些一时陷入财务困境和经营困境的企业,从而为湾区经济健康发展保驾护航。SX公司通过破产重整涅槃重生,就是破产重整制度保驾护航的典型案例。
一、企业初探:破产重整的机遇与挑战
1、SX公司基本情况
SX公司成立于1981年,于1994年在深交所上市,总股本约35000万股,其中流通股18000万股,限售流通股17000万股。
SX公司控股或参股四家实业公司,分别为科技公司、实业公司、饲料公司和西部公司。
2、SX公司重整受理情况
因不能清偿到期债务,经债权人饲料公司申请,深圳市中级人民法院(下称深圳中院)于2009年11月10日裁定SX公司进入重整程序,并指定北京市金杜(深圳)律师事务所担任管理人。
1. 最实在的权利 清算优先权,或优先清算权(Liquidation Preference),是指“清算事件”发生时,投资人在清算财产分配过程中享有优先顺位的权利。通常,越晚进来的投资人清算优先的顺位越高,但在老投资人强势时也可能会约定新老投资人之间平等顺位,按投资金额比例甚至股权比例分优先金额。相比实际上基本用不上的分红优先权,清算优先权是更实用、也更可能给投资人创造实际价值的经济权利。
2. 好坏通吃 清算优先权可以在公司情况不佳(downside)时让投资人优先拿回一点补偿,也可以在公司获得好的收购机会(upside)时使得投资人获利更多。
3. 只是清算? 如果“清算事件”仅包括法律意义上的清算(例如公司解散或破产时的清算),那实际用途不大,关键是它还包括“视同清算事件”。“视同清算事件”的情形通常包括导致控制权变更的合并、收购,以及出售、租赁、转让、以排他性许可或其他方式处置公司全部或大部分资产的事件。考虑到解散或破产清算时公司多半已经没有太多资产可分,发生并购事件才是清算优先权最大的用武之地。
回购条款作为资管产品中常见的增信措施,资管新规对其有何影响?
资管新规之前,回购条款的效力得到法院普遍认可
回购条款本质上是一种逆向的、独立的交易行为,属于合同债权的范畴。其虽然具有一定的债权保障作用,但不构成债权担保的从属性,更不具有担保物权的优先受偿功能。因此,回购条款并非我国的法定担保形式。
资管新规之前,司法实践中,法院在考察当事人意思表示和内容的合法性基础上,一般会认可回购条款的合法有效性。
在“重庆国际信托股份有限公司与安徽三联实业发展有限公司等合同纠纷案”(〔2015〕渝高法民初字第00025号)中,法院认为,“《资产收益权转让及回购协议》系当事人的真实意思表示,不违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定,合法有效。结合信托公司提供的营业执照和金融许可证上载明的内容,信托公司签订的上述合同不违反金融监管部门核准的经营范围;且本案合同所涉的借款资金来源并不影响借款合同本身的效力。”
Chinese bankruptcies have surged recently as the government uses the legal system to deal with “zombie” companies and reduce industrial overcapacity as part of a broader effort to restructure the economy. According to figures from the Supreme People’s Court, Chinese courts accepted 5,665 bankruptcy cases in 2016, an increase of 53.8% from the previous year1. As the Chinese government and the courts become more receptive to bankruptcies, without a mature market-based credit system in place, the risks heighten that debtors and creditors could try to game the bankruptcy process.
Decoding the code - China's new General Civil Law Rules: the first step towards a comprehensive civil code June 2017 Decoding the code - China's new General Civil Law Rules: the first step towards a comprehensive civil code June 2017 1 Overview and background On 15 March 2017, the People's Republic of China General Civil Law Rules (中华人民共和国 民法总则) (hereinafter referred to as the "GCLR") were formally adopted at the Fifth Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress. The GCLR will enter into force on 1 October 2017.
新疆某上市公司(下称“公司”)因信息披露违规被中国证监会行政处罚,引发众多股民对公司提起证券虚假陈述民事赔偿诉讼(下称“本案”),金杜代理公司应诉。近期,新疆某中级法院就本案作出一审判决,驳回股民全部诉讼请求。
本案系典型的证券虚假陈述民事赔偿诉讼。该类案件因涉及股民众多、索赔金额高、专业性强,往往引发资本市场高度关注。从以往的案例来看,上市公司被行政处罚后引发的股民诉讼,法院判决驳回原告全部诉讼请求的案例极为罕见。本案中,金杜基于以往处理类似案件的丰富经验和专业把握,针对本案的案情特点,有针对性地提出了上市公司不应承担股民损失的答辩意见,最终得到法院支持。这是金杜代理上市公司成功应对股民提起证券虚假陈述民事赔偿诉讼的又一经典案例。
案情简介
2014年7月,中国证监会作出《行政处罚决定书》,认定公司连续多年虚构购销业务,虚增业务收入与成本,虚增或者虚减利润,导致公司2006年至2011年年报存在信息披露违规问题。
截止目前,本案共有70余名股民对公司提起证券虚假陈述民事赔偿诉讼,此外,还有批量股民以律师函的方式向公司进行索赔。
本案主要争议焦点及金杜整体应对思路
The giants of Asia – Indonesia, China, and India – raise many opportunities and challenges for insolvency practitioners. Baker McKenzie’s own Andi Kadir spoke this morning about some of the solutions to those problems, showcasing his significant experience with insolvency reforms and opportunities in Indonesia.
Andi highlighted the benefits of the Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang regime as a restructuring tool in Indonesia. A PKPU is a debtor in possession mechanism, somewhat like a blend of a US Chapter 11 administration with aspects of the insolvency laws of the Netherlands.