On 31 March, 2015, the Supreme People’s Court issued four model cases, including Shagang LLC. (Shagang) v. Kaitian LLC.(Kaitian), a case in relation to an objection to enforcement of a distribution plan. In the case, the Court has referred to the Deep Rock Doctrine originated from the United States, states for the first time that shareholders whose capital contribution is insufficient shall be subordinated to external creditors of the company with respect to their payable debts.
财政部国家税务总局关于个人非货币性资产投资有关个人所得税政策的通知)
On March 30, 2015, the Ministry of Finance (“MoF”) and the SAT jointly released Caishui [2015] No. 41 (“Circular 41”) to expand nationwide the tax payment installment policy applicable in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone to income derived from non-monetary asset investment made by individuals.
Circular 41 defines non-monetary asset investment and includes the contribution of non-monetary assets to establish a new company, to participate in company capital increase, private placement of stock, stock exchange and corporate restructuring.
(财政部、国家税务总局关于进一步支持企业事业单位改制重组有关契税政策的通知)
Following the State Council’s call to introduce policies promoting corporate restructuring in Guofa [2014] No. 14, MoF and SAT released Caishui [2015] No. 37 (“Circular 37”) to exempt from deed tax the transfer of land use rights and building ownership rights in the following corporate transactions:
Gaining access to development land in the PRC has often been linked to government connections and dubious business practices. However, a number of investigations into the allegedly corrupt activities of high-level real estate executives in China have recently taken place.
Moody's announced in October 2014 that the detainment of Agile Property Holdings' chairman, Chen Zhoulin by government authorities was credit negative, in Moody's view, "similar incidents would adversely affect developers' borrowing costs and/or their access to offshore funding". The events that have unfolded since show that Moody's were right on the money.
Introduction
China Tax Monthly – 2015 Midyear Review Beijing/Hong Kong/Shanghai In this midyear issue of the China Tax Monthly, we present the most interesting and most important regulatory changes and administrative cases from the first six months of 2015. Two major trends are worthy of note. First, the PRC tax authorities are continuing to strengthen transfer pricing enforcement and anti-avoidance practice. Second, though cross-border restructurings still face challenges, China offered various preferential tax policies to domestic corporate restructurings during the first half of the year.
In 2009, to promote corporate restructuring, the MoF and the SAT jointly released Circular Caishui [2009] No. 59 to grant tax deferral treatment to qualified corporate restructuring transactions (recently modified by Circular 109, mentioned above, which expanded its scope).
In 2010, the SAT released Announcement [2010] No. 4, providing procedural guidelines to benefit from the tax deferral treatment.
破产隔离机制是资产证券化运作的枢纽，而真实出售又是破产隔离机制的核心。 作为结构性融资的资产证券化制度，其主要的特质在于发起人与特殊目的载体（以下 简称“SPV”）之间的风险隔离，亦即发起人通过风险隔离方式将基础资产信用风险 和收益转移给 SPV。
我国自 2005 年正式引进资产证券化制度，并分别以信贷资产证券化和企业资产 证券化进行试点。然而，从我国现有的资产证券化案例来看，除了信贷资产支持证券 中的优先级产品属于“真实出售型”以外，其他基于信托计划和资产支持专项计划 （以下简称“专项计划”）的企业资产证券化产品究其实质都属于“担保融资型”， 并未达到真实销售的目的。
首先，就企业资产证券化的结构来看，证券公司或基金管理公司子公司依据《证 券公司及基金管理公司子公司资产证券化业务管理规定》（以下简称“管理规定”）， 设立资产支持专项计划。由于“专项计划”仅为证券公司或基金管理公司子公司的一 个客户理财项目，并不具备独立的法律主体资格，因此，其无法作为基础资产受让人 而以自身名义受让基础资产。
其次，由于受分业经营限制，根据证监会的法规框架，证券公司或基金管理公司 子公司设立的专项计划仅仅借用了特殊目的载体的概念来推广资产证券化业务，实践 中通过引入信托机制以解决资产的真实出售与破产隔离问题也存在很多待解决的法律 问题。
General introduction to trust margin trading
2014年5月15日 环球法律专递 Global Legal Updates
对赌条款的法律风险防范
——以司法实践为视角
作者：孙海珊｜张韬
近日，中银国际旗下海外投资机构Apollo Investment Asia Limited（下称“阿波罗”）向法院提交了启动赛维LDK太阳能公司（下称“塞维LDK”）的实际控制人彭小峰个人破产程序的申请。据媒体报道，阿波罗之所以提交前述个人破产申请，是由于赛维LDK未能实现其在2011年签署的投资协议中对阿波罗所作出的“下属公司两年内实现分拆上市”的承诺。根据该协议，彭小峰作为塞维LDK的实际控制人向阿波罗承担现金补偿的连带担保责任。
这一带有明显对赌色彩的协议安排，再一次引起了各界对“对赌条款”效力问题的关注及讨论。因此，本文拟以近年来受到广泛关注的几起与“对赌条款”有关的案例作为基础，就中国司法实践对“对赌条款”这一常见的商业安排的影响及启示进行简要的梳理和讨论。
案例简介