实践中，往往会出现在执行过程中，作为被执行人的公司注销的情形。注销是《公司法》规定的使公司实体灭失的一种方式，注销后，该实体将不再存在，依照相关程序法的规定，作为被执行人的公司灭失后，将依法终结诉讼。负债公司多以注销当幌子，进行逃避到期债务之实。在作为被执行人的公司注销，而公司账面仍有剩余财产的情况下，债权人应如何使自己的到期合法债权得到清偿?下面请看一则案例。

　　【案例】

　　李某、刘某、朱某原是北京XX有限公司员工。因公司无故拖欠工资，三人向北京市东城区劳动争议仲裁委员会提起仲裁，要求XX公司支付工资及补偿金。仲裁委于2008年8月1日裁决XX公司支付债权人双倍工资、加班费、补偿金，其中应当支付李某2.2余万元、支付刘某2.1余万元、支付朱某1.6余万元。

　　该裁决生效后，三债权人于2008年8月22日申请法院强制执行。在执行过程中发现XX公司已于2008年8月25日向工商部门申请注销，并提交了清算报告，三位股东正是清算组成员。清算报告中称没有未完结的债权债务关系。公司账面剩余财产为7.5万元，三位股东就出资额对该剩余财产进行了分配。工商部门遂于2008年9月20日核准了清算组注销XX公司的申请，导致法院无法强制执行。

　　很显然，在上述案例中，债权人可以要求三位股东承担清偿责任。理由如下：

On March 20, Suntech, a Chinese solar manufacturing company, declared bankruptcy. Questions have arisen on how the country’s solar industry will now cope with overcapacity issues which stem from a decline in demand from Europe. The declaration comes a week after the company announced it had defaulted on $541 million of bonds.

To deepen government reform and improve government efficiency, the State Council of the People's Republic of China recently released the Plans for Government Institutional Reform and Function Change (the Restructuring Plan), and was approved by People’s Congress at its first session and it took effect on March 14, 2013.

Understanding your rights as a creditor while navigating under China’s bankruptcy laws is becoming a must these days, especially for foreign creditors. As many foreign companies engage in business with Chinese companies, chances are likely that you will encounter a failing Chinese company that will file for bankruptcy in China. A China bankruptcy filing can have a tremendous impact upon foreign creditors.  If you are doing business with Chinese companies or have investments in Chinese companies, you should be aware of your rights as a creditor under Chinese bankruptcy laws.

Key Points

• Announcement 72 to elaborate on how the cross-border equity transfer can qualify for the special tax treatment
• Clarifies the rules to ensure no tax-avoidance purpose would be involved in the restructure as well as sets forth the rule on relevant filing procedures

Background

On April 30, 2009, the Ministry of Finance (“MOF”) and the State Administration of Taxation (“SAT”) jointly issued Caishui [2009] No. 59 (“Circular 59”) to set out the guidelines on the income tax treatment of enterprise reorganizations (please refer to our China Tax Bulletin May 2009 for more information about Circular 59).

OVERVIEW

This note outlines the various formal insolvency proceedings available in the People's Republic of China (excluding for purposes of this guide, the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao and the territory of Taiwan) ("PRC").

《国家税务总局关于纳税人资产重组有关增值税问题的公告》(02/18/2011)

The State Administration of Taxation released the Announcement onIssues Concerning Value-Added Tax Relevant to Taxpayers’ Assets Restructuring (the “VAT Announcement”) on February 18, 2011. The effective date of the Announcement is March 1, 2011.

China’s corporate income tax (« CIT ») regime effective from January 1, 2008 explicitly requires corporate restructuring transactions to be effected at fair value so that any gain or loss shall be recognised for tax purpose at the time when the transaction takes place. The Chinese State Administration of Taxation (« SAT ») has released several tax circulars in recent years to address the detailed CIT treatments (e.g. the availability of tax deferral treatment for a corporate restructuring meeting certain prescribed criteria), the documentation and procedural requirements, etc.

Norwest Holdings Pte Ltd (in Liquidation) v Newport Mining Ltd [2011] SGCA 42