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    Major developments in China’s surging restructuring market
    2022-09-09

    Nuo Ji, Lingqi Wang, Jessica Li and Sylvia Zhang, Fangda Partners

    This is an extract from the 2023 edition of GRR's The Asia-Pacific Restructuring Review. The whole publication is available here.

    In summary

    Filed under:
    China, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Global Restructuring Review, Supply chain, Belt and Road Initiative
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Global Restructuring Review
    债权人何时能对债务人离婚协议中财产分割部分行使撤销权?
    2022-08-31

    一、模拟案例

    A公司看好B公司的发展前景,意欲与其实际控制人张三签订投资协议,由A公司向B公司增资。同时为确保自己的投资安全,A公司与张三同时约定,股权回购条件成就时,张三须向A公司回购股份。合同签订后,A公司依约向B公司汇入投资款。然而由于市场环境突然变化,B公司由盈利转为亏损,股权回购条件触发,A公司向张三主张股权回购。此时A公司发现,张三已经与其配偶协议离婚且净身出户,放弃了较大数额夫妻共同财产的所有权。此时,A公司应当如何保护自己的债权?

    站在A公司要求债务得到清偿的角度,存在以下几种可能。如果张三与A公司签订协议时,提供了财产为A公司设立担保,那么A公司可以就张三所提供的财产行使担保物权。如果有第三人为张三的债务提供保证,那么A公司可以要求第三人承担保证责任。如果A公司有证据能够证明案涉债务成立夫妻共同债务,即使张三已经与其配偶离婚,A公司也可以追讨张三及其配偶的夫妻共同财产,使自己的债权得以实现。如果A公司无证据证明案涉债务成立夫妻共同债务,或者法院认为案涉债务不成立夫妻共同债务,A公司还有一种选择:撤销张三在离婚协议中放弃夫妻共同财产的行为,使得张三财产得到恢复,增强其偿债能力。A公司撤销张三放弃夫妻共同财产行为的权利,在法律上被称为债权人撤销权。

    二、债权人撤销权的法律规定

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Real Estate, Zhong Yin Law Firm
    Authors:
    Tang Wenbo
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Zhong Yin Law Firm
    跨境投资中的债务重组——开曼公司的清盘
    2022-08-31

    在各类跨境投资的项目中,投资人最担心的问题莫过于被投企业的财务状况出现困境,影响其持续经营能力和偿债能力并最终演变为债务危机,或者集团的持股结构、治理结构不够透明,各种交叉持股盘根错节。在重组过程中,投资者可能会帮助公司梳理、调整各种投资主体架构,而企业为了解除投资者顾虑,有时也会主动进行投资主体架构的重组和优化,包括把多余的主体和结构层级精简掉。

    在跨境投资的架构中,往往涉及到多层持股架构,开曼公司、BVI公司以及香港公司都是常见的持股主体。如果我们在重组中需要把这些主体精简注销,需要走什么样的程序,复杂不复杂?在本文中,我们将与大家分享开曼豁免有限公司的清盘和解散,并且后续文章中陆续与大家分享其他法域主体的清算和注销。

    Filed under:
    Cayman Islands, China, Insolvency & Restructuring, Zhong Lun Law Firm
    Authors:
    Jane P. Yao , Mark Zhang , Fan Juanhong
    Location:
    Cayman Islands, China
    Firm:
    Zhong Lun Law Firm
    对赌协议中违约金条款的适用
    2022-08-31

    由于涉及股权回购/现金补偿责任与违约责任,违约金条款在对赌协议中表现得比较复杂。本文将在前述两种分类方法的基础上,结合司法案例具体分析违约金条款在对赌协议中的适用情况。

    违约金是民商法中一种常见的违约责任形式。《民法典》第585条第1款就违约金作出了如下规定:

    当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况相对方支付一定数额的违约金,也可以约定因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法。

    显然,《民法典》将约定违约金的性质定位为,合同当事人预先约定的、由一方违约导致另一方损失的损害赔偿额。换言之,约定违约金的基本功能是补偿守约方损失而非惩罚违约方,更不是让守约方通过约定违约金获利。通过后文的案例,我们将看到约定违约金的这一性质定位是如何影响法院判决的。

    对赌协议中的违约金条款通常有如下两种表现形式:融资方违反股权回购/现金补偿义务的违约金,融资方违反其他义务的违约金。

    以投资方要求股权回购为例,前者表现为,根据对赌协议的约定,股权回购条件成就且投资方向融资方主张回购时,如果不履行或者逾期履行股权回购义务,则融资方需要按照应付但未付款项的一定比例支付逾期违约金。

    Filed under:
    China, Banking, Compliance Management, Corporate Finance/M&A, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Zhong Yin Law Firm
    Authors:
    Tang Wenbo
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Zhong Yin Law Firm
    TMT投资实践:IP使用权出资,我该注意什么?
    2022-08-25

    引言

    在投融资实践中,一方面,部分掌握核心技术/知识产权(“IP”)的产业投资人、科研院所等出资人(“IP出资人”)在投资时,希望通过IP出资减轻自身的现金出资负担并增强目标公司的核心竞争力,实现共赢。如果出资标的是IP出资人的核心IP,IP出资人往往希望以IP使用权而非IP所有权作为出资,以保护自身利益。另一方面,相较于常见的现金出资,目标公司对IP使用权出资的了解更少,也存在些许疑问。

    实践中,IP使用权出资是IP出资人和目标公司/创始人经常向我们咨询的“老话题”。IP使用权出资需要考虑诸多问题和潜在风险,我们在此进行简单介绍,希望为IP出资人和目标公司/创始人提供一些指引。

    第一部分 结论

    Filed under:
    China, Capital Markets, Corporate Finance/M&A, Insolvency & Restructuring, Patents, Trademarks, King & Wood Mallesons, Bankruptcy, Company Law of the People's Republic of China 2018
    Authors:
    Hu Yaohua
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    King & Wood Mallesons
    跨境投资中的债务重组——跨境股权质押登记问题(BVI质押登记篇)
    2022-08-17

    系列导语

    在各类跨境投资的项目中,投资人最担心的问题莫过于被投企业的财务状况出现困境,进而影响其持续经营能力和偿债能力并最终演变为债务危机。这些投资人可能是企业公募或私募债券的持有人、享有抵押品的银团放贷机构、各类融资架构中的夹层债权人,或是享受回购权或强制出售权的权益投资人。

    跨境投资项目下的债务重组,往往会涉及多法域下的复杂法律问题、救济方式和司法程序。特别是在典型的境外持股架构下,当开曼公司作为境外母公司出现债务危机时,如何通过BVI及香港子公司逐级下沉债权人的风控或增信机制,如何衔接和落地相关境内外救济措施,如何最终帮助债权人控制或取得境内子公司的资产或其提供的担保品或抵押品,这些问题的妥善解决是债务重组成功的关键。这要求参与跨境债务重组项目的专业执行团队具有跨市场和跨国界的运作能力、多法域的法律和司法实操经验、高效的项目管理能力以及深刻的风险认知和风险反制筹划能力。由于各个法域下的质权之设立、优先顺位和有效性对于债权人和质押权人来说至关重要,加强对主要离岸法域对质押行为的程序性规定和质权有效性的判定认识能有效地防范潜在的交易风险。

    Filed under:
    British Virgin Islands, China, Corporate Finance/M&A, Insolvency & Restructuring, Zhong Lun Law Firm
    Authors:
    Jane P. Yao , Alfred Xu , Fan Juanhong
    Location:
    British Virgin Islands, China
    Firm:
    Zhong Lun Law Firm
    Enforcement of Keepwell Deeds in Mainland China
    2022-08-03

    Legal nature of a keepwell deed

    Keepwell deeds are widely used in offshore financing transactions, but such arrangement has only been tested in the PRC courts in recent years. In this alert, we explore issues relevant to the enforceability of such arrangements in Mainland China.

    Filed under:
    China, Banking, Corporate Finance/M&A, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, King & Wood Mallesons, Bankruptcy, Foreign exchange market
    Authors:
    Richard Mazzochi , Stanley Zhou , Claire Potter
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    King & Wood Mallesons
    【眾律觀點】覆巢之下豈有完卵?論後疫情下台商之重振戰略
    2022-07-29

    知名的上海臺商麺包店宜芝多因受困於疫情,在2020年關閉了70家門市,惟惡夢連連,正當中國大陸疫情緩解之際,晚近又出現關於屬下門市大規模停業的消息。唯當企業進入後疫情時代,或許就會頻繁出現諸如宜芝多之類企業財務困境的情況;即一言以蔽之,好不容易從疫情最艱苦的時刻中堅持過來,換來的卻可能是舊商業模式的裂解、新商業模式的重塑。基此,本文以下將會循中國大陸企業破產法的角度切入,探討制定符合台商之最大利益的重整計畫;反之,就是走向破產清算,此時的大陸台商又當如何平衡勞工、消費者、股東等相關利害關係人的利益。

    Filed under:
    China, Taiwan, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Zoomlaw Attorneys-at-Law
    Authors:
    Kuo-Hua Fan
    Location:
    China, Taiwan
    Firm:
    Zoomlaw Attorneys-at-Law
    A guide to restructuring and insolvency issues and procedures in Hong Kong
    2022-07-20

    Hong Kong’s insolvency regime is based mainly on that of the United Kingdom. The legislation concerning corporate insolvency is contained largely in the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap 32) (“CWUMPO”) and the Companies (Winding-up) Rules. The corporate insolvency and winding up provisions in the legislation are broadly based on the Companies Act 1929 and the Companies Act 1948 of the UK. The last major amendment of those provisions was made in 2016. 

    A guide to restructuring and insolvency issues and procedures in Hong Kong

    Contents

    Filed under:
    Asia-Pacific, China, Global, Hong Kong, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Stephenson Harwood LLP, Mediation, Securities and Futures Commission (Hong Kong)
    Location:
    Asia-Pacific, China, Global, Hong Kong
    Firm:
    Stephenson Harwood LLP
    Cross-border insolvency - Hong Kong Court confirms common law recognition and assistance does not extend to solvent liquidations
    2022-07-13

    Seahawk China Dynamic Fund [2022] HKCFI 1994 (date of reasons for decision: 4 July 2022)

    Introduction

    Filed under:
    Asia-Pacific, China, Hong Kong, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Stephenson Harwood LLP
    Authors:
    Alexander Tang , Karis Yip
    Location:
    Asia-Pacific, China, Hong Kong
    Firm:
    Stephenson Harwood LLP

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