General introduction to trust margin trading

Introduction

Ask any restructuring professional about the greatest challenge in restructuring and reorganising a business group with operations in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and he/she is likely to say that it is virtually impossible to take over control of the PRC operating subsidiaries without the co-operation of the existing PRC legal representatives.

China is one of the largest manufacturers and consumers of iron and steel products.   The steel industry in China has developed over several decades into the biggest in the world. China accounts for nearly 50% of world steel production. It has been driven by rapid modernization of its economy, construction, infrastructure and manufacturing industries.

1 房地产开发企业破产重整利益平衡实务分析 作者：卓纬律师事务所 · 张思明 摘要：房地产开发企业破产重整涉及购房者、建筑商、银行以及企业职工等诸多 债权人的利益，存在不同性质权利优先权之利益博弈，相关法律及司法解释与破产法 规定亦有不衔接之处。本文以房地产开发企业破产存在的社会风险为逻辑起点，坚持 社会责任本位理念，从保护购房者利益的视角研究房地产开发企业破产重整利益平衡 机制，对可能或者已经发生破产原因但又有挽救希望的房地产开发企业，通过对各方 利害关系人的利益协调，制定具有可操作性的重整计划，以使危困企业顺利获得更 生。 关键词：房地产开发企业；破产重整；利益平衡 房地产开发企业破产重整是一个相对复杂的系统工程，需要平衡多方利益，制定 周密的重整计划才能使重整顺利进行，根据破产重整申请受理时企业开发项目的不同 状况，合理保护购房者的利益。各方利益关系主体还应本着社会本位原则，积极化解 重整实务中出现的矛盾纠纷。 一、 房地产开发企业破产风险分析 房地产开发企业破产具有不同于一般企业破产的特殊性，其破产涉及到银行等金 融机构、投资人、建筑商、被拆迁人、购房者等诸多主体利益。如果出现房地产开发 企业的大规模破产，将会影响金融秩序的稳定，甚者导致如美国的次贷危机而诱发金 2 融风险。

[ABSTRACT] Article 31 of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law provides that if an enterprise transfers its property at a manifestly unreasonable price within one year of entering bankruptcy proceedings, the administrator shall be entitled to motion the People’s Court to revoke the transfer. The purpose of such revocation is to recover the property for the benefit of all creditors of the bankrupt enterprise.

On 31 March, 2015, the Supreme People’s Court issued four model cases, including Shagang LLC. (Shagang) v. Kaitian LLC.(Kaitian), a case in relation to an objection to enforcement of a distribution plan. In the case, the Court has referred to the Deep Rock Doctrine originated from the United States, states for the first time that shareholders whose capital contribution is insufficient shall be subordinated to external creditors of the company with respect to their payable debts.

财政部国家税务总局关于个人非货币性资产投资有关个人所得税政策的通知)

On March 30, 2015, the Ministry of Finance (“MoF”) and the SAT jointly released Caishui [2015] No. 41 (“Circular 41”) to expand nationwide the tax payment installment policy applicable in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone to income derived from non-monetary asset investment made by individuals.

Circular 41 defines non-monetary asset investment and includes the contribution of non-monetary assets to establish a new company, to participate in company capital increase, private placement of stock, stock exchange and corporate restructuring.

(财政部、国家税务总局关于进一步支持企业事业单位改制重组有关契税政策的通知)

Following  the  State  Council’s  call  to  introduce  policies  promoting  corporate restructuring in Guofa [2014] No. 14, MoF and SAT released Caishui [2015] No. 37 (“Circular 37”) to exempt from deed tax the transfer of land use rights and building ownership rights in the following corporate transactions:

Gaining access to development land in the PRC has often been linked to government connections and dubious business practices. However, a number of investigations into the allegedly corrupt activities of high-level real estate executives in China have recently taken place.

Moody's announced in October 2014 that the detainment of Agile Property Holdings' chairman, Chen Zhoulin by government authorities was credit negative, in Moody's view, "similar incidents would adversely affect developers' borrowing costs and/or their access to offshore funding". The events that have unfolded since show that Moody's were right on the money.

Introduction