CEFC Shanghai International Group Limited (in Liquidation in the Mainland of the People’s Republic of China) [2020] HKCFI 167 (date of judgement 13 January 2020)
This is the first case in which the Hong Kong Court granted a recognition order to administrators of a PRC company appointed by a PRC Court. The case also considered whether a garnishee order nisi should be made absolute if a foreign bankruptcy order is made after the service of the garnishee order nisi.
Background
Just in time for Chinese New Year, a Hong Kong court has taken a major step forward in the developing law on cross-border insolvency by recognising a mainland Chinese liquidation for the first time. InJoint and Several Liquidators of CEFC Shanghai International Group Ltd [2020] HKCFI 167, Mr Justice Harris granted recognition and assistance to mainland administrators in Hong Kong so they could perform their functions and protect assets held in Hong Kong from enforcement.
This article was first published in the Global Restructuring Review, 14 Jan 2020.
In our work with international companies supplying goods to the UK, we see a number of common issues arising regularly. In our previous articles, we explained what happens if a UK customer hits financial difficulties and the powers of insolvency practitioners. In this last of five articles based on the five elements of the Wu Xing, we take the theme of Earth and explain the options to get paid by an insolvent customer, completing the business as usual cycle of supply and payment and thereby restoring balance to your business.
How the recent changes will impact restructurings of listed companies
前言
根据《公司法》第186条第2款的规定,公司在分别支付清算费用、职工的工资、社会保险费用和法定补偿金,缴纳所欠税款,清偿公司债务后的剩余财产(“清算后的剩余财产”),有限责任公司按照股东的出资比例分配,股份有限公司按照股东持有的股份比例分配;但是根据PE/VC投融资实践中惯常的投资人优先清算权条款,对于该等清算后的剩余财产,股东之间通常会约定不按照持股比例分配,而是由投资人先于原股东取得其优先清偿额部分(Liquidation Preference Amount),然后如还有剩余的,各股东再按持股比例分配(Participation Right)。
那么该等投资人优先清算权条款是否违反了《公司法》第186条的规定呢?对于这个问题,由于相关的司法判例尚属罕见,所以法律实务工作者对于这个问题的回答往往都会附带一些“限定性语言”。
In recent years, with the large increase in the number of enterprise bankruptcy cases, the instances of the legal representative or directors, supervisors and/or senior executives of a bankrupt enterprise (collectively, “senior officers”) being sued by the administrator or creditors have become common. In light of such laws as the Company Law, the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, etc., and typical cases in judicial practice, such senior officers chiefly face the following risks:
Da Yu Financial Holdings Limited (formerly known as China Agrotech Holdings Limited) (in liquidation) [2019] HKCFI 2531 (date of judgment 17 October 2019)
优先清算权条款是境外风险投资项目的常见条款,随后逐渐在国内私募股权投资文件中采用。很多投资人关心,这一舶来品能否获得中国司法机关的认可,我们简要分析如下:
一、什么是优先清算权
优先清算权,是指公司清算时,部分股东优先于其他股东获得剩余财产分配的权利;或者,在约定的“视同清算事件”发生时,部分股东优先于其他股东从公司获得收益的权利,“视同清算事件”通常包括公司合并、被并购、出售控股股权、出售主要资产等事件。
在私募股权投资项目中,投资人为保障其自身权益采用优先清算权条款,目的是:在公司经营不善遭遇清算时,投资人可以优先拿回一些补偿;在投资人无法通过公司上市退出,发生公司被并购等“视同清算事件”发生时,其能够优先收回其投资成本和一定程度的投资回报,实现资产变现。该条款可谓投资人的“分钱利器”。
二、如何看待该条款效力
《公司法》第34条明确规定股东可以自由约定“利润分配”的比例。该条规定:“股东按照实缴的出资比例分取红利;公司新增资本时,股东有权优先按照实缴的出资比例认缴出资。但是,全体股东约定不按照出资比例分取红利或者不按照出资比例优先认缴出资的除外。”
大禹金融控股有限公司(前称为China Agrotech Holdings Limited浩伦农业科技集团有限公司)(清盘中) [2019] HKCFI 2531 (判决日期2019年10月17日)
这是一宗关于对香港上市的离岸公司进行债务重组中获准并存债务偿还计划的案件。在债务偿还计划中,重组成本通常数额巨大,直接影响对计划债权人的回报。本案中,香港法院对使用并存债务偿还计划,以及重组成本和债权人回报之间的关系,提出了富有远见的意见。
背景情况
大禹金融控股有限公司(前称为China Agrotech Holdings Limited浩伦农业科技集团有限公司)(清盘中)(下称“公司”)成立于开曼群岛,并于香港联交所上市。公司自2015年初开始清盘,其上市状态是公司的唯一重大资产。公司大部分的债务均受香港法管辖。
清算人已找到了一名白衣骑士,以进行债务重组和恢复公司股份的交易。拟议重组计划涉及对公司股本的重构和向投资者发行新股,收益将用于支付收购新业务的费用、公司重组费用和部分解除公司负债。债权人回报率约为4.28%,在开曼群岛和香港开展并存债务偿还计划,预期实现债务重组。