[ABSTRACT] Article 31 of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law provides that if an enterprise transfers its property at a manifestly unreasonable price within one year of entering bankruptcy proceedings, the administrator shall be entitled to motion the People’s Court to revoke the transfer. The purpose of such revocation is to recover the property for the benefit of all creditors of the bankrupt enterprise.
On 31 March, 2015, the Supreme People’s Court issued four model cases, including Shagang LLC. (Shagang) v. Kaitian LLC.(Kaitian), a case in relation to an objection to enforcement of a distribution plan. In the case, the Court has referred to the Deep Rock Doctrine originated from the United States, states for the first time that shareholders whose capital contribution is insufficient shall be subordinated to external creditors of the company with respect to their payable debts.
财政部国家税务总局关于个人非货币性资产投资有关个人所得税政策的通知)
On March 30, 2015, the Ministry of Finance (“MoF”) and the SAT jointly released Caishui [2015] No. 41 (“Circular 41”) to expand nationwide the tax payment installment policy applicable in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone to income derived from non-monetary asset investment made by individuals.
Circular 41 defines non-monetary asset investment and includes the contribution of non-monetary assets to establish a new company, to participate in company capital increase, private placement of stock, stock exchange and corporate restructuring.
(财政部、国家税务总局关于进一步支持企业事业单位改制重组有关契税政策的通知)
Following the State Council’s call to introduce policies promoting corporate restructuring in Guofa [2014] No. 14, MoF and SAT released Caishui [2015] No. 37 (“Circular 37”) to exempt from deed tax the transfer of land use rights and building ownership rights in the following corporate transactions:
Gaining access to development land in the PRC has often been linked to government connections and dubious business practices. However, a number of investigations into the allegedly corrupt activities of high-level real estate executives in China have recently taken place.
Moody's announced in October 2014 that the detainment of Agile Property Holdings' chairman, Chen Zhoulin by government authorities was credit negative, in Moody's view, "similar incidents would adversely affect developers' borrowing costs and/or their access to offshore funding". The events that have unfolded since show that Moody's were right on the money.
Introduction
风险投资人会投资多家目标公司，以寻找下一个苹果或谷歌。在很多此类投资案例中，风险投资人仅持有少数 股份，因此他们不会对被投资公司的日常经营拥有控制权。在这些投资案例中，大多数投资人相信，根据中国 公司法项下的有限责任原则，如果投资失败，赔掉当初投资的金额将会是最坏的结果。然而，中国法院最近判 决的一些案例表明并强调：如果少数股东不能适当履行其对于被投资公司清算时的义务，则存在"揭开公司面 纱"的风险。
1. 案例
2005年，中国的一家国有风险投资公司--深圳市国成科技投资有限公司（"国成"）向深圳协雅精密工业制品有限 公司（"深圳协雅"）投资了六十一万美元，深圳协雅是一家被协雅国际工业有限公司（"协雅国际"）100%持股 的外商独资企业。投资交割后，国成成为持有深圳协雅约15%股权的少数股东，其有权向深圳协雅董事会任命 一名董事。遗憾的是，国成的投资很快就被证明是令人失望的。雪上加霜的是，深圳协雅卷入了一宗与上海东 洋炭素有限公司（"上海东洋"）的诉讼中。根据深圳协雅与上海东洋达成的一份和解协议，深圳协雅确认其欠 付上海东洋人民币155.4万（约合25万美元）。然而，深圳协雅未能根据和解协议向上海东洋支付上述款项。
Venture capitalists will invest in lots of portfolio companies to look for the next Apple or Google. In many such investments, venture capital investors will only hold a minority share, which do not give them control over the portfolio companies' daily operation. In such cases, most investors believe that to lose the amount of invested capital will be the worst case if such investments turn out to be a failure given the "limited liability" rule under PRC Company Law.
On 21 October 2013, the financially troubled company Hainan PO Shipping applied for bankruptcy and winding up before the People’s Court of Hainan Yangpu Economic & Development Zone (“Yangpu Court”). The Yangpu Court approved the application on 31 October 2013, and the Court has since nominated the administrators of Hainan PO Shipping.
The bankruptcy of Suntech Power Holdings Co. Ltd. ("Suntech") is a reminder of the challenges that foreign creditors face when a Chinese company goes into bankruptcy.