引言：2023年8月17日，某中资地产集团依据《美国法典（United States Code）》第11编第15章向纽约南区破产法院（United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York）申请启动破产保护程序。破产保护程序作为一种辅助程序，并非在美国司法辖区内进行的完整破产程序，而是债务人向美国法院申请承认外国程序的工具。本文拟从某中资地产集团危机事件展开，分篇探究企业动用美国法下跨境承认工具的潜在动因，亦就债务人、债权人在中资离岸房企跨境破产重组中的关注问题加以浅析。

一、 事实背景

2023年8月17日，某注册于开曼群岛的中资地产集团（下称“中资集团”）依据《美国法典》第11编第15章1向纽约南区破产法院申请启动对集团及其注册于香港、英属维尔京群岛的两家子公司的破产保护程序。申请由集团公司秘书、子公司独立董事各自以“外国授权代表”（Foreign Representative）身份提出，请求纽约南区破产法院认可该等实体在美国境外提起的债务重组程序。公开信息检索及法院文件显示，中资集团提交的破产保护申请仅涉及地产集团及该两家海外子公司，而不涉及地产集团旗下的其它公司（包括其中国大陆子公司）。

El pasado 20 de julio de 2023 fue publicado en el Boletín Oficial de Estado el Real Decreto 668/2023, de 18 de julio, que modificó el Reglamento de planes y fondos de pensiones al objeto de completar la regulación e impulso de los planes de pensiones de empleo y reforzar así, el segundo pilar de la previsión social en España. Este artículo aborda las principales novedades del último desarrollo reglamentario y repasa algunos de los retos que persisten de cara a impulsar y consolidar el segundo pilar y motivar el ahorro. 

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The first quarter of the year can often be a pinch point for tenants as they assess Christmas trading and scrutinise financial results. Where profits have failed to meet expectations then a tenant may require to consider formal insolvency proceedings but how does this affect the landlord? Here we consider some of the key questions for a landlord in Scotland facing tenant insolvency.

What is the status of the tenant?

Introduction

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