Introduction
简介
最近在Re Carnival Group International Holdings Ltd [2022] HKCFI 2668一案中,本所代表呈请人成功申请将嘉年华国际控股有限公司(「该公司」)清盘。该公司是一家在香港联合交易所(「联交所」)上市的百慕达公司。在本案中,法院澄清及确认其将外国公司清盘的司法管辖权。此外,法院命令就讼费问题将该公司董事(「董事」)加入为被告人,因此日后假如公司在欠缺理据的情况下反对清盘呈请,董事或须就呈请人及支持清盘的债权人的讼费承担个人责任。
背景
该公司在百慕达注册成立,并根据香港前《公司条例》第XI部注册为海外公司,其股份在联交所上市,股份代号 996。该公司是一家投资控股公司,持有在香港、中国内地及英属维尔京群岛注册成立的附属公司(统称「该集团」)。该集团主要在中国内地经营主题式休闲及消费业务。
A 3-Judge Bench of the Supreme Court in its judgment dated 26 August 2022 has held that the provisions of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 will prevail over the provisions of the Customs Act, 1962.
简介
香港法院过往一直承认公司在其注册成立所在的司法管辖区展开的外地清盘程序。但最近在Provisional Liquidator of Global Brands Group Holding Ltd v Computershare Hong Kong Trustees Ltd [2022] HKCFI 1789一案中,夏利士法官提出一种新的方法,承认在公司的「主要利益中心」所在的司法管辖区进行的外地清盘程序。夏利士法官认为,就香港法院承认及协助外地清盘人而言,外地清盘程序在公司注册成立地点进行这一点并不足够,也非必要。
背景
利标品牌有限公司(「该公司」)是一间在百慕达注册成立,并在香港联合交易所上市的投资控股公司。由于新型肺炎疫情持续,该公司及其附属公司的业务面临严峻困难,因此该公司董事会认为展开清盘程序符合该公司的利益,并向百慕达法院申请委任临时清盘人(「临时清盘人」),授以有限度权力以协助该公司重组债务。然而,重组并不成功,百慕达法院于2021年11月5日对该公司发出清盘令。
Introduction
Assignment for benefit of creditors (“ABC”) laws are, historically, a debtor remedy. ABC laws are a voluntary debtor tool for shutting down and winding up the debtor’s failed business.
Ancient History
ABC laws began under the common law, back in merrie olde England, arising out of the law of trusts. Under trust law, any person can, without restriction, transfer assets into a trust for the benefit of one or more people.
A bankruptcy discharge releases the debtor from pre-bankruptcy debts or liabilities. The purpose is to give the debtor a “fresh start” from excessive debts that cannot be repaid, except in certain situations such as where the debt arises from deceitful or fraudulent conduct. In Poonian v. British Columbia (Securities Commission), the British Columbia Court of Appeal held that securities sanctions are excluded from bankruptcy discharge.
The Hong Kong commercial and insolvency disputes team acted for the successful appellant in Guy Kwok-Hung Lam -v- Tor Asia Credit Master Fund LP CACV 393/2021 [2022] HKCA 1297.
一、模拟案例
A公司看好B公司的发展前景,意欲与其实际控制人张三签订投资协议,由A公司向B公司增资。同时为确保自己的投资安全,A公司与张三同时约定,股权回购条件成就时,张三须向A公司回购股份。合同签订后,A公司依约向B公司汇入投资款。然而由于市场环境突然变化,B公司由盈利转为亏损,股权回购条件触发,A公司向张三主张股权回购。此时A公司发现,张三已经与其配偶协议离婚且净身出户,放弃了较大数额夫妻共同财产的所有权。此时,A公司应当如何保护自己的债权?
站在A公司要求债务得到清偿的角度,存在以下几种可能。如果张三与A公司签订协议时,提供了财产为A公司设立担保,那么A公司可以就张三所提供的财产行使担保物权。如果有第三人为张三的债务提供保证,那么A公司可以要求第三人承担保证责任。如果A公司有证据能够证明案涉债务成立夫妻共同债务,即使张三已经与其配偶离婚,A公司也可以追讨张三及其配偶的夫妻共同财产,使自己的债权得以实现。如果A公司无证据证明案涉债务成立夫妻共同债务,或者法院认为案涉债务不成立夫妻共同债务,A公司还有一种选择:撤销张三在离婚协议中放弃夫妻共同财产的行为,使得张三财产得到恢复,增强其偿债能力。A公司撤销张三放弃夫妻共同财产行为的权利,在法律上被称为债权人撤销权。
二、债权人撤销权的法律规定
Liquidators are of crucial importance where there are risks that a company is approaching the end of its operating cycle. Liquidators protect the interests of creditors and release or transfer economic value that would otherwise be trapped and sometimes lost after a winding-up. However, in two recent cases, we have seen criticism directed at liquidators by the courts in Hong Kong. This is of particular importance where liquidators are appointed by the courts as officers of the court and must uphold high standards required by that appointment and the law.