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    跨境破产中COMI认定的比较法研究——基于欧美新加坡司法实践的观察
    2025-08-20

    前 言

    在全球化经济纵深发展与企业出海战略持续推进的背景下,开拓海外市场、融入全球产业链及供应链是中国内地企业未来重点发展的战略选择。然而,跨境商业活动在带来机遇的同时亦伴随着跨法域的风险与挑战,跨境破产无论在理论还是实务都具有相当的复杂性。

    本文将以主要利益中心原则(Centre of Main Interests,以下简称“COMI”)为出发点,结合实务案例浅析COMI原则在部分海外国家的适用及中国内地债权人的应对策略,为出海企业提供跨境破产风险管理的参考依据。

    一、跨境破产视域下的管辖权

    “跨境破产”概念及与之相关的规范均正式确立于联合国国际贸易法委员会1997年颁布的《跨境破产示范法》(UNCITRAL Model Laws on Cross-Border Insolvency,以下简称“《示范法》”)。《示范法》最为核心的内容便是确立了COMI在跨境破产管辖权认定上的重要作用,虽然COMI原则在近年受到来自“承诺规则”与“事后选择规则”等新兴理论的挑战[1],但作为近30年来在全球63个法域普遍适用的基本准则[2],掌握COMI在不同国家或地区的司法实践适用在当下仍具有重要的现实意义。

    Filed under:
    China, Singapore, Insolvency & Restructuring, AnJie Broad Law Firm
    Authors:
    Matthew YIN
    Location:
    China, Singapore
    Firm:
    AnJie Broad Law Firm
    Case Commentary: Natixis, Singapore Branch V Seshadri Rajagopalan And Others And Other Appeals [2005] SGCA 29
    2025-08-20

    A. Introduction

    The Singapore’s Court of Appeal’s recent decision in Natixis, Singapore Branch v Seshadri Rajagopalan and others and other appeals [2025] SGCA 29 serves as an important decision for the intersection between insolvency and admiralty laws. The decision addresses a dispute concerning admiralty statutory liens, examining whether the judicial managers of an insolvent ship owning company acted wrongfully by procuring the offshore arrest and judicial sale of a vessel, despite the appellants having issued admiralty in rem writs against it in Singapore.

    Filed under:
    Singapore, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, PDLegal LLC, HSBC, Singapore High Court
    Authors:
    Peter Doraisamy
    Location:
    Singapore
    Firm:
    PDLegal LLC
    Part 2: Strategic Solutions - Restructuring Strategies and Value Realisation in Energy and Utilities
    2025-08-14

    Australia's energy and utilities sector faces unprecedented challenges as the industry undergoes a fundamental transformation. The transition to renewable energy, regulatory pressures, aging infrastructure, and volatile commodity prices have created a complex web of operating and financial pressures which often require sophisticated restructuring strategies, including potentially via external administrations.

    Filed under:
    Australia, Energy & Natural Resources, Insolvency & Restructuring, Bird & Bird, Corporations Act 2001 (Australia)
    Authors:
    Masi Zaki , Kate Spratt , Tara Peramatukorn
    Location:
    Australia
    Firm:
    Bird & Bird
    Worldwide Freezing Order for £5m granted against directors for alleged misfeasance
    2025-08-14

    Nicola Sharp looks at the reasons why the court granted a £5m WFO against directors of a company in liquidation.

    The High Court has granted a Worldwide Freezing Order to the value of over £5 million against directors of a company in liquidation, who are also husband and wife.

    The couple, Sameer Rizvi and Iryna Dubylovska were the only acting directors and shareholders of the company.

    Underlying claim for misfeasance

    Filed under:
    United Kingdom, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Rahman Ravelli, Asset recovery
    Authors:
    Nicola Sharp
    Location:
    United Kingdom
    Firm:
    Rahman Ravelli
    Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2025 - Key Reforms and what they mean for the stakeholders
    2025-08-13

    INTRODUCTION:

    Filed under:
    Global, India, Banking, Insolvency & Restructuring, Dentons Link Legal, Bankruptcy, Stakeholder (corporate), Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (India)
    Authors:
    Abhishek Sharma
    Location:
    Global, India
    Firm:
    Dentons Link Legal
    IBBI Floats Measures to Strengthen CIRP Integrity
    2025-08-12

    The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) has issued a discussion paper inviting public comments on proposals aimed at enhancing the integrity of the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP). The key measures proposed include:

    Filed under:
    India, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Fox Mandal, Due diligence, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India
    Location:
    India
    Firm:
    Fox Mandal
    Bridging Jurisdictions: Highlights From Malaysia’s Cross-Border Insolvency Bill 2025
    2025-08-12

    A. Introduction

    The Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency (“Model Law”) was adopted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNICITRAL) in 1997. It was designed to assist countries in equipping their insolvency laws with a modernised and harmonised legal framework to effectively address cross-border insolvency and restructuring cases.

    Filed under:
    Malaysia, Insolvency & Restructuring, TSL Legal, UNCITRAL, United Nations, United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
    Location:
    Malaysia
    Firm:
    TSL Legal
    国有企业改制、对外投资的衍生争议与典型诉讼(一) :国企改制中的股东出资纠纷
    2025-08-12

    序言

    国有企业是我国经济体系中的重要环节,随着历史发展经过多个重要阶段,回顾这一波澜壮阔画卷,可以发现“国企改制”是草蛇灰线、贯穿始终的一条主题线索,并在不同时期呈现出形态各异的“笔触”与“墨法”。改革开放初期的“放权让利”宛如“麻皮皴”,以舒缓的线条层层铺展,为后续挥毫筑奠肌理;九十年代现代企业制度建设如同“斧劈皴”,以劲挺风格重塑企业筋骨,勾勒出市场主体的鲜明轮廓;二十一世纪以来的管理体制改革又似“破墨”,通过浓淡晕染的方式完成监管权责的自然过渡;而在党的十八大后,深化改革进入新的历史时期,如“积墨”般在反复堆叠中凸显监管资本为主的改革重心,于笔锋交融间完成国有经济新时期布局的精妙构图。

    在这一漫长的改制进程中,国企作为民事法律主体,面临股东出资、资产交易、资金调度、经营管理等一系列问题。不同历史阶段的政策导向与经济环境差异,使得商事交易方式和法律责任承担等方面缺乏统一规范,不少在当时的政策框架下具有一定合理性的商业行为,从现行规范视角回溯审视,却存在诸多认定争议。在此期间,《公司法》等相关法律法规历经多次修订,市场监管体系的逐步完善,历史时期中部分行为的瑕疵问题逐渐暴露,成为后续企业经营管理中的不稳定因子。

    Filed under:
    China, Corporate Finance/M&A, Insolvency & Restructuring, JunHe LLP
    Authors:
    Qi Shi
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    JunHe LLP
    英属维尔京群岛法律:破产情况下 DAO 的处理
    2025-08-11

    英属维尔京群岛(“BVI”)一直积极应对去中心化自治组织(“DAO”)的法律影响,尤其是在破产背景下的资产和负债。虽然BVI没有专门针对DAO的具体立法,但现有法律和法律原则可用于评估DAO资产和负债的处理。

    1. 法律结构: 英属维尔京群岛法律没有立法或判例法来定义什么是 DAO。在美国,法院曾考虑过 DAO 成员在某些情况下是否可以被视为合伙关系的问题。然而,迄今为止,这个问题尚未在英属维尔京群岛法院出现。DAO 可以完全去中心化,即由为共同目标而在某些治理协议或规则框架下运作的非法人团体。此外,许多在英属维尔京群岛运营的 DAO 通常以公司或有限合伙企业的形式设立,或者更常见的是,它们的组织方式是,DAO 成员的行动或集体决策通过由代币持有者管理的公司实体(例如通过担保有限公司)进行,以降低这种风险。法律结构会影响破产时资产和负债的处理。如果 DAO 以公司形式注册成立,则通常会遵循《英属维尔京群岛商业公司法》(修订版),该法规定了有偿付能力清算的框架,或遵循《英属维尔京群岛破产法》(修订版),该法规定了无偿付能力清算的框架。

    Filed under:
    British Virgin Islands, Insolvency & Restructuring, Loeb Smith Attorneys, Bankruptcy
    Authors:
    Gary Smith , Edmond Fung
    Location:
    British Virgin Islands
    Firm:
    Loeb Smith Attorneys
    小規模会社更生の運用開始 ―DIP型会社更生の利用余地が拡大、今後の実務に注目―
    2025-08-08

    はじめに

    コロナ渦におけるゼロゼロ融資(実質無利子・無担保融資)が終了したものの、物価高騰・人手不足等の外的要因も重なって収益が改善されず、ゼロゼロ融資等で増加した金融債務の返済や、税金や社会保険料といった公租公課の納付ができないことが原因で法的整理に至る中小企業・中堅企業等が近年増加しています※1。

     そのような中、東京地方裁判所民事第20部(倒産部)が、今年4月から、負債総額50億円未満の株式会社を対象とする、簡易・迅速な会社更生手続の運用(小規模会社更生)を導入しました※2。

     この小規模会社更生は、公租公課の納付に苦しむ中小企業・中堅企業等の事業再生における選択肢の一つとして注目されます。そこで、本ニュースレターでは、公租公課の納付が困難な中小企業・中堅企業等の状況について紹介した上で、小規模会社更生の概要、その活用方法や今後の検討が期待される点について紹介します。

    公租公課の納付が困難な中小企業・中堅企業等の状況

    1. 私的整理

    Filed under:
    Japan, Insolvency & Restructuring, Nagashima Ohno & Tsunematsu
    Location:
    Japan
    Firm:
    Nagashima Ohno & Tsunematsu

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