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    私募股权投资纠纷:优先清算权条款该如何执行
    2019-12-10

    优先清算权条款是境外风险投资项目的常见条款,随后逐渐在国内私募股权投资文件中采用。很多投资人关心,这一舶来品能否获得中国司法机关的认可,我们简要分析如下:

    一、什么是优先清算权

    优先清算权,是指公司清算时,部分股东优先于其他股东获得剩余财产分配的权利;或者,在约定的“视同清算事件”发生时,部分股东优先于其他股东从公司获得收益的权利,“视同清算事件”通常包括公司合并、被并购、出售控股股权、出售主要资产等事件。

    在私募股权投资项目中,投资人为保障其自身权益采用优先清算权条款,目的是:在公司经营不善遭遇清算时,投资人可以优先拿回一些补偿;在投资人无法通过公司上市退出,发生公司被并购等“视同清算事件”发生时,其能够优先收回其投资成本和一定程度的投资回报,实现资产变现。该条款可谓投资人的“分钱利器”。

    二、如何看待该条款效力

    《公司法》第34条明确规定股东可以自由约定“利润分配”的比例。该条规定:“股东按照实缴的出资比例分取红利;公司新增资本时,股东有权优先按照实缴的出资比例认缴出资。但是,全体股东约定不按照出资比例分取红利或者不按照出资比例优先认缴出资的除外。”

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, King & Wood Mallesons, Private equity, Liquidation
    Authors:
    Lei Jiping
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    King & Wood Mallesons
    《全国法院审理债券纠纷案件座谈会纪要》(征求意见稿) 简评: 总体框架与亮点
    2019-12-26

    2019年12月24日,最高人民法院邀请全国人大法工委、司法部、发改委、人民银行、证监会等单位在京召开了全国法院审理债券纠纷案件座谈会,并讨论了《全国法院审理债券纠纷案件座谈会纪要》(征求意见稿)(以下简称“《纪要》(征求意见稿)”)。会后,市场成员对会上提供的《纪要》(征求意见稿)文本进行了认真学习与热烈讨论。大家普遍认为,该文件正式公布后,将成为司法领域第一份专门针对债券及其纠纷审理机制的文件,不仅为法院审理各类债券纠纷案件奠定坚实基础,更将成为市场成员合法合规开展债券业务、避免或减少法律风险的重要指引。

    根据对《纪要》(征求意见稿)的学习,我们希望通过对该文件总体框架及其诸多亮点的简要分析,促进市场成员对债券纠纷解决机制的法律与实务研究工作。在《纪要》正式公布之后,我们将准备一系列文章对相关重要问题进行深入探讨。同时,《纪要》正式公布版本可能对征求意见稿进行修改,需以《纪要》正式公布版本为准。

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Global Law Office, People's Bank of China, Supreme People's Court
    Authors:
    Xin Zhang
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Global Law Office
    九民纪要和资产证券化没关系?错!
    2019-12-30

    2019年11月14日,最高院正式发布第九次全国法院民商事审判工作会议的会议纪要——《全国法院民商事审判工作会议纪要》(简称“《九民纪要》”)。

    对资产证券化圈的许多机构从业者,《九民纪要》具体有什么样的意义可能不太熟悉。在这里,我们还是借用引言中的一句话来体现它的意义:

    “对当前民商事审判工作中的一些疑难法律问题取得了基本一致的看法。”

    《九民纪要》的条款中,与金融业务有关的就可以说是包罗万象。但在正式看条款和案例之前,不妨先再来品读一下它的引言部分:

    这些统领性原则,结合一些代表性案例,我们认为,会赋予证券化业务更多的司法支持。具体体现在:

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Securitization & Structured Finance, King & Wood Mallesons
    Authors:
    Hu Zhe , Wang Jianjian , Chen Fushen
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    King & Wood Mallesons
    公司经营在美国
    2019-07-31

    美国是世界上最容易开展业务的司法管辖区之一1。监管壁垒总体较低,建立分支机构或业务实体方 便快捷,相比其他多数发达经济体,劳动就业法律对雇主更为友好,并且法律体系发达、透明。然 而,在美国进行投资或设立业务之前,仍有若干准入壁垒及营商挑战需要考虑。 本刊将简要介绍可能限制非美国人进入美国市场或在美国设立业务后开展业务能力的贸易管制问题, 以及对外国投资者而言极其重要的公司、商事、劳动就业、移民、知识产权、反洗钱、反垄断、出 口管制、反腐败、责任、破产等法律及实践。本刊并非综合性指南,仅对投资者需要考虑及与法律 顾问商讨的一些重要问题加以概述。 

    Filed under:
    China, USA, Company & Commercial, Competition & Antitrust, Copyrights, Corporate Finance/M&A, Designs and trade secrets, Employment & Labor, Immigration, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Patents, Tax, Trade & Customs, Trademarks, White Collar Crime, Hogan Lovells, Foreign direct investment, Money laundering, NAFTA, Export Administration Regulations (USA), USMCA
    Location:
    China, USA
    Firm:
    Hogan Lovells
    司法趋势:公司资本充足制度渐见宽松
    2019-07-31

    公司资本充足是指股东实缴的出资与公司的经营规模相适应,以确保公司有充足的资本应对经营风险、偿付到期债务,与之相匹配的法律规范就是公司资本充足制度。近年来,随着市场经济的发展,立法机关改变了法定资本制的立场,在司法实践中,公司资本充足制度也呈现出渐见宽松的趋势。

    一、《公司法》多次修改公司资本制度,大幅放宽了资本管制

    1993年12月颁行的《公司法》采取了严格的法定资本制度。

    2005年10月修订的《公司法》在保持法定资本制度的同时,降低了设立公司的资本门槛,将严格的法定资本制度修改为法定资本分期缴纳的资本制度。

    2013年12月修正的《公司法》大幅修改了公司资本制度,将实缴登记制改为认缴登记制(特殊行业除外),取消了注册资本的最低限额、分期认缴期限、首付出资比例及出资财产形式的限制等规定,改由股东在公司章程中自行约定,基本完成从法定资本制到授权资本制的转变。

    2018年10月修改的《公司法》增加了允许上市公司回购本公司股份的情形,并实际上赋予上市公司回购股份的自主决定权(“上市公司为维护公司价值及股东权益所必需”),还简化了股份回购的决策程序,提高了公司持有本公司股份的数额上限,延长了公司持有所回购股份的期限。

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Leisure & Tourism, Litigation, King & Wood Mallesons, Gambling
    Authors:
    Lei Jiping
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    King & Wood Mallesons
    De facto merger bankruptcy: reapportioning creditors’ interests
    2019-10-10

    As the number of enterprise groups in China has increased, the phenomenon of affiliates jointly going into bankruptcy has also become more common. Once a member of an enterprise group enters a bankruptcy procedure, whether its affiliates will also simultaneously enter the procedure with it has consistently been an issue of concern to creditors.

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Real Estate, Jingtian & Gongcheng
    Authors:
    Bangwei Xu
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Jingtian & Gongcheng
    Main modes to initiate substantive consolidation bankruptcy
    2019-10-21

    The number of substantive consolidation bankruptcy cases of affiliated enterprises in mainland China has gradually increased since 2014. Substantive consolidation bankruptcy means disregarding the independent corporate personality of all affiliated members and treating them as the same enterprise in bankruptcy treatment, so as to pay off debts to creditors in a fair manner, regarding an affiliated enterprise bankruptcy case with significant corporate personality confusion.

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Jingtian & Gongcheng
    Authors:
    Bangwei Xu
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Jingtian & Gongcheng
    资管纠纷:嵌套中的权利虚化与重叠
    2019-07-16

    一、嵌套的本质:收益权的收益权

    嵌套,根据资管新规第二十二条和第二十七条的表述,是指甲资管产品投资乙资管产品的份额。即通过一项资产所设立的产品成为了另外一个产品投资的对象,形成了产品之中还包含产品的现象。

    资产端的嵌套的本质上是以收益权为中心的权利虚化与重叠。试看下述两例:

    图一

    (2016)最高法民终215号案(下称“215号案”,见图一)中,定向资管计划从某投资公司受让了私募债券的收益权,而某银行又从定向资管计划受让了该资管计划的收益权,即“私募债券收益权的收益权”。其中,“私募债券收益权”是在“私募债券”这一概念中分离和抽象出来的虚化标的,“私募债券收益权的收益权”则是在“私募债券收益权”基础上进一步抽象出来的虚化标的,构成 “二重虚化的合同标的”。该案中的多层嵌套结构,如我们之前在《“收益权”创制问题的旧题新解》中分析,本质上就是以高度重合的标的进行的叠加式融资交易。

    图二

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Private Client & Offshore Services, King & Wood Mallesons
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    King & Wood Mallesons
    Roadmap announced for the introduction this year of a corporate rescue regime in Hong Kong
    2019-01-21

    Hong Kong’s Financial Secretary Paul Chan said last week that there were plans to introduce a bill this year into the city’s Legislative Council to put in place a long-awaited and much needed corporate rescue procedure for Hong Kong.

    Filed under:
    China, Hong Kong, United Kingdom, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer
    Authors:
    Nick Stern
    Location:
    China, Hong Kong, United Kingdom
    Firm:
    Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer
    Decoding the code - China's new General Civil Law Rules: the first step towards a comprehensive civil code
    2017-03-15

    Decoding the code - China's new General Civil Law Rules: the first step towards a comprehensive civil code June 2017 Decoding the code - China's new General Civil Law Rules: the first step towards a comprehensive civil code June 2017 1 Overview and background On 15 March 2017, the People's Republic of China General Civil Law Rules (中华人民共和国 民法总则) (hereinafter referred to as the "GCLR") were formally adopted at the Fifth Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress. The GCLR will enter into force on 1 October 2017.

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Environment & Climate Change, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Public, Hogan Lovells, Statute of limitations, Liquidated damages
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Hogan Lovells

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