The impact of COVID-19 on businesses will undoubtedly require directors to consider formal restructuring and insolvency options, including the appointment of administrators. Administrators are faced with the challenge of assessing a company’s options and forming a recommendation in an era of high market uncertainty. Both proposing a holding Deed of Company Arrangement (DOCA) and extending the convening period are being discussed as options to provide administrators with more time to undertake these tasks. In this article we consider the scope and limitations of each strategy.

Directors of Australian companies face significant personal monetary – and potential criminal and adverse professional – consequences if they allow the company to trade whilst insolvent.

Australian insolvent trading laws are harsher, and more frequently utilised to prosecute directors personally, than in many other jurisdictions including in the US and the UK.

Accordingly, frequent assessment of a company’s solvency by its directors is crucial, particularly in financially difficult times, as are active steps to address any potential insolvency.

As the Australian Restructuring Insolvency and Turnaround Association (ARITA) has recently noted, the insolvency profession has been under significant strain in recent years and may not be equipped for a bushfire and COVID-19 led surge in liquidations, particularly assetless liquidations. Liquidators may take some comfort that, notwithstanding the increased scrutiny and potential criticism, courts will support their appointees.

In the current climate, many businesses will suffer from financial difficulties, though this does not necessarily mean that the businesses are insolvent. There are a number of indicators that may suggest that a company is insolvent, rather than just suffering temporary financial issues. Whether you are a creditor, a company director or other stakeholder, you should be aware of these indicators and what a company’s insolvency could mean for you.

What Does it Mean to be Insolvent?

In a recent decision in the Supreme Court of NSW[1], Rees J set aside a liquidator’s bid to publicly examine two senior officers of the National Rugby League (NRL), finding that examination summonses issued by the liquidator were an abuse of process and the entire liquidation process was a contrivance in order to exert commercial pressure on the NRL.

As part of its response to the national emergency arising from the spread of the Coronavirus, the government announced changes to insolvent trading duties in March 2020.

This will assist organisations under pressure to keep going, pay necessary staff and be positioned to return to normal business.

The relevant legislation (Coronavirus Economic Response Package Omibus Act 2020 (Cth) (the Act)) came into effect on 24 March 2020.

Critically, the laws have been softened, not repealed, and other directors’ duties remain in place.

The voluntary administration procedure in the Corporations Act was introduced in 1993. Prior to this, the only formal mechanism for a company to compromise with its creditors was by a creditors’ scheme of arrangement, a process often regarded as costly, time consuming and cumbersome.

The primary objective of voluntary administration is to provide for the business, property and affairs of an insolvent company to be administered in a way that:

In challenging financial times, a company director’s role is fraught with difficult decisions regarding continued operations and the preservation of the business. These decisions may be influenced by the risk of personal liability to the director.

Outlined in, Directors’ Duties in Uncertain Financial Times, we canvassed the issues facing a director when the company’s financial viability comes into question.

On the evening of Monday 23 March, 2020, the Australian Federal Government passed a broad range of stimulus measures under the Coronavirus Economic Response Package that is said to come into force immediately. The Coronavirus Economic Response Package is a temporary (six-month) relief package to combat the economic impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and to provide public health measures to prevent its spread.

Summary

On 23 March 2020, the Federal Parliament passed the Coronavirus Economic Response Package Omnibus Bill 2020 (the COVID Act).

The COVID Act received Royal Assent on 24 March 2020 which amended, amongst other things, the Corporations Act 2001, the Bankruptcy Act 1966 and the Bankruptcy Regulations 1996 to temporarily release directors from a risk of personal liability for insolvent trading, as well as increase the minimum amount and time-frame for both statutory demands and bankruptcy notices.