In most cases seeking recognition of a foreign bankruptcy proceeding in the United States under chapter 15 of the Bankruptcy Code, the foreign debtor's "foreign representative" has been appointed by the foreign court or administrative body overseeing the debtor's bankruptcy case.

On 1 November, the Supreme Court issued its judgment in R (on the application of Palmer) v Northern Derbyshire Magistrates Court and Another.

Background

In its much-anticipated 2023 Autumn Statement, the UK Government has committed to extending the relief available to the hospitality, retail and leisure sector. It has also announced that a business rates support package worth £4.3 billion will be available to support small businesses and the high street. However, the hospitality sector remains one of the most vulnerable, and it remains to be seen whether this additional support will be enough.

The Bankruptcy Code does not explicitly authorize the equitable remedy of "substantive consolidation"—i.e., treating the assets and liabilities of two or more related entities as if they belonged to a single, consolidated bankruptcy estate. However, it is well recognized that a bankruptcy court has the authority to order such relief under appropriate circumstances in the exercise of its broad equitable powers when each of the original entities are already debtors subject to the court's jurisdiction.

In the recent case of Dilip B. Jiwrajka v. Union of India (Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1281 of 2021), the Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court (the “SC”) upheld the constitutionality of Sections 95 to 100 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“IBC”).

The pilot measure for mutual recognition and assistance of insolvency proceedings between the courts of three pilot areas in Mainland China and Hong Kong was agreed in mid-2021, which is known as the Cooperation Mechanism.

Since then, liquidators in Hong Kong have had a more certain and structured route to seek, through Hong Kong Court, recognition and assistance from the designated Mainland courts in the three pilot areas including Shanghai, Shenzhen and Xiamen.

Key Takeaways

A Section 363 sale is a sale of a company's assets pursuant to Section 363 of the Bankruptcy Code. The Bankruptcy Court will approve a 363 sale if the debtor can demonstrate a "substantial business justification" for the sale.

Key Issues

In general, Section 363 bankruptcy sales proceed as follows:

An analysis of recent statistics show what the Insolvency and Tax Disputes teams at Mishcon de Reya have long experienced – that HMRC is not in the habit of overlooking an outstanding debt.

According to the latest data produced by UHY Hacker Young, Pub Insolvencies have risen by 66% in the last year. The impact of such a staggering statistic is that these debts which are owed to our clients become even more unobtainable to collect.

The pot of available funds drops dramatically once the pub business is placed in the official insolvency process. 

The case will be passed to an Official Receiver and on the most part an Insolvency Practitioner is then appointed. 

Mislabelling a debt instrument as a promissory note can result in unintended consequences

Promissory notes and loan notes are often used in group reorganisations to paper a loan relationship, but because the terms are frequently used interchangeably, there is scope for misuse and misunderstanding.