In UKCloud Ltd(Re Insolvency Act 1986) [2024] EWHC 1259 (Ch), the court was again faced with the age-old question of categorisation of a security interest but this time in respect of a new type of asset, internet protocol (IP) addresses. Could fixed charge security be taken over IP addresses and, if so, was it taken here?
How does an arbitration clause, or an exclusive jurisdiction clause in favour of foreign courts, affect insolvency proceedings?
The effect of an arbitration clause, or an exclusive jurisdiction clause in favour of foreign courts, on insolvency proceedings has been a topic of longstanding debate in the Courts of Hong Kong, England and other common law jurisdictions.
"The law on 'knowing receipt' has perplexed judges and academics alike for several decades" – Lord Burrows (paragraph 99).
En octobre 2020, la Commission européenne a approuvé une mesure de recapitalisation d'environ 833 millions EUR, notifiée par la Suède et le Danemark, en faveur de SAS. Cette mesure était fondée sur l’Encadrement temporaire relatif aux aides d'État dans le contexte de la crise du COVID-19.
Resumen Ejecutivo:
10 years after the publication of Revision 6 (2014 edition) of the Model Form of Contract for the design, supply and installation of electrical, electronic and mechanical plant (MF/1), the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) has released Revision 7 (2024 edition), shortly followed by an erratum containing a summary of corrections.
Regular users of the MF/1 may be comforted to know that the risk profile of the contract has not changed though the door has been opened to extending the duration of liability for latent defects, as discussed below.
Executive Summary:
In October 2020, the European Commission approved a recapitalisation measure of approximately €833 million, notified by Sweden and Denmark, in favour of SAS. This measure was adopted under the State aid COVID-19 Temporary framework.
Ryanair challenged the Commission decision and secured its annulment by the General Court of the EU in May 2023 (Case T-238/21). In late 2022, SAS entered a collective insolvency proceeding. Following the annulment of the 2020 decision, the Commission approved again in November 2023 the recapitalisation measure.
“债权平等原则”或“同债同权”是债权权利的一项基本原则，在破产程序中直接体现为概括清偿及同类债权公平清偿，在重整程序中则体现为破产法第82条所规定之重整程序下依照债权分类进行分组表决、第87条所规定之申请法院强裁应确保重整计划草案公平对待同一表决组成员等。然而在我国破产重整案件实践中，重整计划区分对待金融债权与非金融债权（或称经营性债权），进而导致同属同一债权组但在清偿安排中存在不同清偿安排的情况大量存在。就相关案例而言，金融债权人往往处于劣势一方，虽存在质疑重整计划违反债权平等原则的呼声，却因金融债权偏重合规维权路线等各方面考量，金融债权人较少切实采取行动来维护“同债同权”权益诉求。考虑到目前区别对待金融债权与非金融债权逐渐成为实践惯例，金融债权人的债权权利不断受到挑战，“同债同权”原则正陷入严峻困境。
基于此，有必要正视重整程序中同类债权差异化清偿问题，对其成因、影响加以体系化梳理并溯本求源。考虑到重整程序内同类债权不同清偿安排集中体现于普通债权一类,故本文聚焦重整程序中普通债权内的差异化清偿来展开分析。
一、普通债权差异化清偿的发端及表现
Court dismisses challenge to pay to be paid clause in charterers’ liability insurance
MS Amlin Marine NV on behalf of MS Amlin Syndicate AML/2001 -v- King Trader Ltd & others (Solomon Trader) [2024] EWHC 1813 (Comm)
In a dispute over whether third parties were prevented by a “pay to be paid” clause from bringing a claim against insurers under a charterers’ liability insurance, the Court has confirmed that, in the context of marine insurance, such clauses are valid and will be upheld.