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    私募股权投资纠纷:优先清算权条款该如何执行
    2019-12-10

    优先清算权条款是境外风险投资项目的常见条款,随后逐渐在国内私募股权投资文件中采用。很多投资人关心,这一舶来品能否获得中国司法机关的认可,我们简要分析如下:

    一、什么是优先清算权

    优先清算权,是指公司清算时,部分股东优先于其他股东获得剩余财产分配的权利;或者,在约定的“视同清算事件”发生时,部分股东优先于其他股东从公司获得收益的权利,“视同清算事件”通常包括公司合并、被并购、出售控股股权、出售主要资产等事件。

    在私募股权投资项目中,投资人为保障其自身权益采用优先清算权条款,目的是:在公司经营不善遭遇清算时,投资人可以优先拿回一些补偿;在投资人无法通过公司上市退出,发生公司被并购等“视同清算事件”发生时,其能够优先收回其投资成本和一定程度的投资回报,实现资产变现。该条款可谓投资人的“分钱利器”。

    二、如何看待该条款效力

    《公司法》第34条明确规定股东可以自由约定“利润分配”的比例。该条规定:“股东按照实缴的出资比例分取红利;公司新增资本时,股东有权优先按照实缴的出资比例认缴出资。但是,全体股东约定不按照出资比例分取红利或者不按照出资比例优先认缴出资的除外。”

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, King & Wood Mallesons, Private equity, Liquidation
    Authors:
    Lei Jiping
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    King & Wood Mallesons
    我国个人破产制度的立法动态及问题前瞻
    2019-07-29

    我国个人破产制度已经提上日程,获得了包括最高法在内的国家机关的关注,理论界也在密集研究。作为一项“给诚实而不幸的人重生的机会”的制度,该制度有利于保护企业家创业创新的精神。同时,该制度对于金融信贷领域,乃至国家社会经济生活都会产生巨大的影响,环球争议解决团队将及时跟进研究,更新解读最新研究成果。

    一、我国个人破产制度的最新立法动态

    2006年8月27日,第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会通过的《中华人民共和国企业破产法》是我国现行破产法,该法适用范围限定为企业法人,包括国有企业法人和承担有限责任的其他企业法人。也就是说,目前,中国的破产法只涉及到企业破产,并没有提到自然人破产。

    该法实施以来,围绕我国是否应该建立个人破产制度理论与实务界一直存在较大争议,出于谨慎考虑,个人破产制度被视为“短期内难以实施”的制度。但随着社会经济形势的发展,建立我国个人破产制度的呼声越来越高,民间的以及官方的研究与推进力度越来越大,尤其是今年以来热度更高,个人破产制度值得关注。

    Filed under:
    China, Insolvency & Restructuring, Global Law Office, People's Bank of China, National Development and Reform Commission
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Global Law Office
    公司经营在美国
    2019-07-31

    美国是世界上最容易开展业务的司法管辖区之一1。监管壁垒总体较低,建立分支机构或业务实体方 便快捷,相比其他多数发达经济体,劳动就业法律对雇主更为友好,并且法律体系发达、透明。然 而,在美国进行投资或设立业务之前,仍有若干准入壁垒及营商挑战需要考虑。 本刊将简要介绍可能限制非美国人进入美国市场或在美国设立业务后开展业务能力的贸易管制问题, 以及对外国投资者而言极其重要的公司、商事、劳动就业、移民、知识产权、反洗钱、反垄断、出 口管制、反腐败、责任、破产等法律及实践。本刊并非综合性指南,仅对投资者需要考虑及与法律 顾问商讨的一些重要问题加以概述。 

    Filed under:
    China, USA, Company & Commercial, Competition & Antitrust, Copyrights, Corporate Finance/M&A, Designs and trade secrets, Employment & Labor, Immigration, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Patents, Tax, Trade & Customs, Trademarks, White Collar Crime, Hogan Lovells, Foreign direct investment, Money laundering, NAFTA, Export Administration Regulations (USA), USMCA
    Location:
    China, USA
    Firm:
    Hogan Lovells
    司法趋势:公司资本充足制度渐见宽松
    2019-07-31

    公司资本充足是指股东实缴的出资与公司的经营规模相适应,以确保公司有充足的资本应对经营风险、偿付到期债务,与之相匹配的法律规范就是公司资本充足制度。近年来,随着市场经济的发展,立法机关改变了法定资本制的立场,在司法实践中,公司资本充足制度也呈现出渐见宽松的趋势。

    一、《公司法》多次修改公司资本制度,大幅放宽了资本管制

    1993年12月颁行的《公司法》采取了严格的法定资本制度。

    2005年10月修订的《公司法》在保持法定资本制度的同时,降低了设立公司的资本门槛,将严格的法定资本制度修改为法定资本分期缴纳的资本制度。

    2013年12月修正的《公司法》大幅修改了公司资本制度,将实缴登记制改为认缴登记制(特殊行业除外),取消了注册资本的最低限额、分期认缴期限、首付出资比例及出资财产形式的限制等规定,改由股东在公司章程中自行约定,基本完成从法定资本制到授权资本制的转变。

    2018年10月修改的《公司法》增加了允许上市公司回购本公司股份的情形,并实际上赋予上市公司回购股份的自主决定权(“上市公司为维护公司价值及股东权益所必需”),还简化了股份回购的决策程序,提高了公司持有本公司股份的数额上限,延长了公司持有所回购股份的期限。

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Leisure & Tourism, Litigation, King & Wood Mallesons, Gambling
    Authors:
    Lei Jiping
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    King & Wood Mallesons
    No If, No But - Will an arbitration agreement always trump a winding-up petition?
    2019-08-20

    In But Ka Chon v Interactive Brokers LLC [2019] HKCA 873, the Hong Kong Court of Appeal dismissed an appeal to set aside a statutory demand arising out of online forex futures trading debts.

    Filed under:
    China, Hong Kong, Arbitration & ADR, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Herbert Smith Freehills LLP, UNCITRAL
    Authors:
    Gareth Thomas , Simon Chapman KC , Philip Lis , Jacob Sin
    Location:
    China, Hong Kong
    Firm:
    Herbert Smith Freehills LLP
    Guide to Doing Business in China
    2019-09-10

    Since China opened its doors to foreign investors around forty years ago, it has been a top recipient for international direct investments. Despite the gradual slowdown of the country’s overall economic growth, foreign interest in China continues to be strong. After a slight decline in 2016, foreign direct investment increased again by 3% to US$134.97 billion in 2018.

    Filed under:
    China, Arbitration & ADR, Competition & Antitrust, Copyrights, Corporate Finance/M&A, Designs and trade secrets, Employment & Labor, Environment & Climate Change, Franchising, Insolvency & Restructuring, IT & Data Protection, Patents, Product Regulation & Liability, Trade & Customs, Trademarks, Mayer Brown
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Mayer Brown
    VIE架构“严格限定”原则真的那么严格么?
    2019-09-18

    一、前言

    众所周知,如从事《外商投资产业指导目录》项下限制或禁止外商投资业务的境内公司拟于境外上市,其无法完全采用股权架构的方式搭建上市架构,而需采用通过合约安排对其境内运营实体(以下简称“OPCO公司”)进行协议控制的架构(以下简称“VIE架构”)完成境外拟上市公司与OPCO公司的链接。

    根据香港联合交易所有限公司(以下简称“联交所”)现行有效的关于VIE架构的上市规定(即联交所于2004年5月23日首次刊发的《有关上市发行人业务使用合约安排的指引》(HKEx-GL77-14,以下简称《VIE指引》)(于2018年4月最新修订)与2005年第一季度刊发的关于合约安排的上市决策(HKEX-LD43-3,以下简称《VIE上市决策》)(于2018年4月最新修订),采用VIE架构的上市申请人应当适用“严格限定”原则(即通常所说“narrowly tailored”规则)。

    但根据我们的项目经验以及案例研究,我们注意到联交所上市规定项下“严格限定”原则似乎尚存在一定灵活适用的空间。本文拟对于《VIE指引》及《VIE上市决策》项下“严格限定”原则及其实践情况进行简要分析,以期为相关读者了解如何适用“严格限定”原则提供参考。

    Filed under:
    China, Corporate Finance/M&A, Insolvency & Restructuring, Global Law Office, Foreign direct investment, Private equity, Hong Kong Stock Exchange
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Global Law Office
    De facto merger bankruptcy: reapportioning creditors’ interests
    2019-10-10

    As the number of enterprise groups in China has increased, the phenomenon of affiliates jointly going into bankruptcy has also become more common. Once a member of an enterprise group enters a bankruptcy procedure, whether its affiliates will also simultaneously enter the procedure with it has consistently been an issue of concern to creditors.

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Real Estate, Jingtian & Gongcheng
    Authors:
    Bangwei Xu
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Jingtian & Gongcheng
    Main modes to initiate substantive consolidation bankruptcy
    2019-10-21

    The number of substantive consolidation bankruptcy cases of affiliated enterprises in mainland China has gradually increased since 2014. Substantive consolidation bankruptcy means disregarding the independent corporate personality of all affiliated members and treating them as the same enterprise in bankruptcy treatment, so as to pay off debts to creditors in a fair manner, regarding an affiliated enterprise bankruptcy case with significant corporate personality confusion.

    Filed under:
    China, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Jingtian & Gongcheng
    Authors:
    Bangwei Xu
    Location:
    China
    Firm:
    Jingtian & Gongcheng
    5 Elements for Chinese Companies trading into the UK: Part (4)
    2019-10-22

    In our work with international companies supplying goods to the UK, we see the same issues arising regularly. In Part 3, we examined the types of insolvency process a customer may be subject to. In this fourth of five articles based on the five elements of the Wu Xing, we take the theme of Fire and explain the significant powers that arise for the insolvency practitioner on the entry into insolvency: to investigate propriety and recover assets to the central pool to pay creditors.

    Fire: the great powers of the insolvency practitioner regarding transactions defrauding creditors

    Filed under:
    China, United Kingdom, Insolvency & Restructuring, King & Wood Mallesons
    Authors:
    Dorothy Murray
    Location:
    China, United Kingdom
    Firm:
    King & Wood Mallesons

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