By Order no. 35527 of 19 December 2023, the Italian Court of Cassation ruled on the dismissal of a working mother ordered as a result of the cessation of the employer’s business activity following a declaration of bankruptcy, holding it to be void and ordering the employer to reinstate the employee and pay financial compensation.

The facts of the case

一、船舶留置权在破产程序中的行权基础

随着近年航运业的周期性下行，涉及航运企业的破产案件逐渐增多，部分海事海商领域的特殊权利在破产程序中的处理成为日渐重要的问题，船舶留置权便是其中之一。在航运企业破产案件中，通过留置船舶担保破产债权是船厂等保护自身利益的重要手段，遵循留置权规则与破产程序是船舶留置权实现的必须路径。

（一）留置船舶与交付破产财产

不论是特别法下的船舶留置权，还是一般法下的留置权，均以占有留置物为权利成立的前提。然而，《企业破产法》第17条规定，在破产案件受理后破产财产的持有人应将破产财产交付给管理人。如将作为破产财产的留置物交付给管理人，则留置权人不再直接占有留置物，留置权的成立因此收到挑战。

This article continues our Law-Now series "Harmonisation of Insolvency Laws in the EU" in which we provide an overview of the articles addressing insolvency avoidance actions of the draft EU directive.

As explained in the first part of the series, the differing national insolvency regulations of the 27 EU member states creates risks for investors, who will have to consider their investments in light of possible business failures and the resulting exposure to monetary losses.

2023 was a year where we saw buyers and sellers of commercial real estate assets not necessarily always aligned on pricing against a backdrop of lending headwinds. As the year drew to a close, visible signs of distress were reported to be emerging in certain corners of the real estate sector which may well bring fruitful opportunities in 2024 for property investors looking to acquire new assets via distressed or enforced sales. But what is a "distressed" property sale and what are the key considerations for buyers looking to acquire these types of assets?

In 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court issues its unanimous Siegel v. Fitzgerald opinion. The question in that opinion is:

Insights

As 2024 gets underway, 2023 will be remembered as the year that King Charles III’s coronation captured our attention with its many (and occasionally bizarre) storied traditions and customs and, of course, for the passing of the Irish singer and poet Shane MacGowan.¹ Turmoil in the European banking sector early in the year set the tone for a challenging year, while across the Atlantic, a number of regional US banks had their

SUMMARY

Insolvency litigation witnessed intriguing developments across multiple aspects in Hong Kong in 2023, ranging from the court’s updated Practice Direction on Bankruptcy and Winding-Up Proceedings to on-going debate surrounding the interplay between insolvency proceedings and arbitration clauses. In this Legal Update, we examine major developments that unfolded. The key takeaways are: 1.

Under the Polish Restructuring Law, in principle an arrangement covers all claims against the debtor except for those expressly identified in the law as outside the arrangement. But sometimes it is not necessary to reach an agreement on all the debtor’s obligations in order to carry out an effective restructuring. This happens when the debtor only has difficulty servicing selected obligations that are otherwise essential to operation of its business. For such situations, parliament introduced the institution of a partial arrangement.