A proposed amendment to the Insolvency Act, has been approved by the government and is currently under discussion in the Czech Parliament. It is expected to significantly alleviate the situation for debtors seeking debt relief. The previous government had intended to introduce similar changes; however, the legislative process was halted by the end of its term.
Current position
Currently, debtors can achieve debt relief only after 5 years of "good conduct", unless they:
In Poland, pre-pack insolvency sales have been available since 1 January 2016. The legal framework regulating pre-pack insolvency sales was introduced into Polish insolvency law as part of a major reform of insolvency legislation that was aimed at preserving the value carried by the assets of insolvent entities and to ensure higher satisfaction for creditors.
In Hunt v Singh, the Court referred to the Supreme Court's landmark decision in BTI v Sequana (see our alert) in deciding when the directors' duty to creditors arose.
Background
Marylebone Warwick Balfour Management Limited (the Company), entered a tax avoidance scheme between 2002 and 2010 which the directors, on professional advice, believed to be valid.
In practice, bankruptcy of a defendant employer during court proceedings related to employee receivables may be confusing for both the parties of a dispute and the courts handling the proceedings.
The Court of Appeal has recently referred to established case law that the court will only interfere with the act of an officeholder “if he has done something so utterly unreasonable and absurd that no reasonable man would have done it”.
While the judge in the lower court had not made any error of law, on the facts there were identifiable flaws in the judge's reasoning that the trustees' decision not to join in the proceedings was perverse.
The judge had failed to recognise that:
In NSP Unsgaard (Pty) Ltd v Master of the High Court, Cape Town and Another, the applicant, NSP Unsgaard (Pty) Ltd sought to review and set aside a decision of the first respondent, the Master of the High Court made on 28 January 2022 in terms of section 46 of the Insolvency Act,1936 (“the Act”). The decision in question permitted the liquidators of the second respondent, Green Tissue (Pty) Ltd ), to disregard a set off applied by NSP in its dealings with Green Tissue before the latter’s liquidation.
Yargıtay, yakın zamanda verdiği 08.02.2022 tarihli ve 2022/64 E., 2022/1438 K. sayılı kararda işçilik alacaklarının tahsili talebiyle açılan bir davada davalı işverenin yargılama devam ederken iflas etmesi halini incelemiştir.
一、破产企业的环境责任
破产企业环境责任的概念界定：破产企业在对环境致害结果负有直接或间接责任的情况下，应承担的相应的环境民事、行政和刑事责任。
（一）企业环境责任之现行法律规定
民事
企业环境民事责任一般为环境侵权法律责任，主要规定在《民法典》第七编第七章环境污染和生态破坏责任。其中第一千二百二十九条对环境私益侵权作出了总括规定，第一千二百三十四条对环境公益侵权作出了总括规定，第一千二百三十五条规定了环境公益侵权中侵权人须赔偿损失和费用的具体内容。
此外，《最高人民法院关于审理环境侵权责任纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第十三条规定，人民法院应当根据被侵权人的诉讼请求以及具体案情，合理判定污染者承担停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、恢复原状、赔礼道歉、赔偿损失等民事责任。
因此，环境侵权责任的承担方式包括停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、恢复原状、赔偿损失等。
Judgment creditors should be aware that the English Court of Appeal has given guidance on the proper construction of s423 Insolvency Act 1986 (transactions defrauding creditors)1.