According to German law, managing directors of limited liability companies are personally liable for payments made despite insolvency. Directors may even be liable when third parties make payments to the insolvent company's current account that has a negative balance because such payment will constitute a payment by the insolvent company to the bank
On 21 April 2018, new rules regarding the handling of “group” insolvency proceedings of companies in Germany become effective.
The regulations aim at better coordination between separate insolvency proceedings which must be implemented for every company within a group under German insolvency rulings. Up to now, coordination was quite difficult, due to separate responsibilities of different courts and insolvency administrators.
In a ruling issued on 3 March 2022 (IX ZR 78/20) the German Federal Court (BGH) has again raised the requirements for proving that a debtor, when making a payment, intended to disadvantage their creditors.
Background
On 1 January 2021, the German Act on Stabilization and Restructuring Framework for Business (StaRUG) came in to force as part of the German Act on Further Development of Restructuring and Insolvency Law (SanInsFoG). It contains several new pre-insolvency restructuring procedures, including a new preventive restructuring plan and corresponding protection of minority creditors.
What is the aim of the new preventive restructuring plan?
Was ist zu beachten?
Die Pandemie trifft die Wirtschaft mit voller Wucht und ein Ende ist weiterhin nicht absehbar. Um eine ungeordnete Insolvenzwelle zu vermeiden, hat der Gesetzgeber schnell reagiert und mit dem am 27. März 2020 in Kraft getretenen COVID-19-Insolvenz-Aussetzungsgesetz (COVInsAG) die Insolvenzantragspflicht zunächst bis zum 30. September 2020 suspendiert. Per Verordnung kann die Suspendierung bis zum 31. März 2021 verlängert werden.
In a recent judgment, the German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof) took the opportunity to clarify its position on sec. 17(2) German Insolvency Act (Insolvenzordnung, InsO). According to sec. 17(2) InsO a debtor is deemed insolvent if he is unable to pay his debts as they fall due (Zahlungsunfähigkeit).
Background
German insolvency law prohibits managing directors from making payments on behalf of the company after it has become illiquid or over-indebted. This does not apply to payments made when acting with the due care and diligence of a prudent business manager. Such payments are privileged as they do not reduce the insolvency estate and do not disadvantage creditors if they allow the business to continue and enable corporate recovery.
Decision
The German Federal Court of Justice (BGH) has ruled that a limited partner is not liable for debts incumbent on the insolvency estate incurred by an administrator in insolvency proceedings.
However, it was unclear who would be liable for debts incumbent on the insolvency estate pursuant to section 55(4) of the German Insolvency Act (the Act) incurred in preliminary insolvency proceedings. A recent BGH ruling on 28 January 2021 (IX ZR 54/20) now provides clarity.
Case summary
Seit dem 1. März 2020 ausgereichte Darlehen unterliegen dank neuer Gesetzgebung Privilegierungen im Hinblick auf insolvenzrechtliche Anfechtungs- und Haftungstatbestände.
Am 27. März 2020 wurde das Gesetz zur vorübergehenden Aussetzung der Insolvenzantragspflicht und zur Begrenzung der Organhaftung bei einer durch die COVID-19-Pandemie bedingten Insolvenz (COVID-19-Insolvenzaussetzungsgesetz – COVInsAG) verkündet. Dieses trat rückwirkend zum 1. März 2020 in Kraft.
Background
In cases where upstream or cross-stream securities are granted by a German limited liability company (”GmbH“), the German capital maintenance rules need to be considered. Under these rules assets that are required for the maintenance of GmbH’s registered share capital may not be paid out to the shareholders. This payout prohibition concerns not only payments, but also granting of securities in favour of loans granted to the shareholders. The managing directors of a GmbH are personally liable for payouts made in violation of these rules.