What and where is a company's ‘centre of main interest’ – its COMI – and why should you care? This is not an esoteric question but a live issue in determining which nation's courts and laws deal with international insolvency issues including administration and liquidation.
Retention of title clauses are clauses by which the title to property to be sold is retained by the seller until the purchase price has been paid in full. This is an exception to the general rule provided in the Finnish Sale of Goods Act, according to which the title to property is transferred to the buyer at the same time as possession.
1. Background
The sauvegarde filing by Camaïeu’s holding company Modacin France SAS (Holdco) has been reported in the French press as one of the first cases where a safeguard proceeding has been opened by a company’s management in order to prevent its creditors from enforcing the fiducie previously granted to them over the shares of Holdco’s subsidiary as part of a court-approved restructuring proceeding (conciliation) of the group back in 2016.
Presented as a major measure of the five-year French presidential term, the law “on growth and business transformation”, also known as the PACTE Act, came into force on May 24th, 2019. Amongst the changes that were brought, some of them deserve a particular focus.
Two phases of the reform. The PACTE Act revises the insolvency legal framework and mainly empowers the executive to directly implement the EU insolvency directive and to reform the law on security interests within a period of two years.
The first phase of the reform
Introduction
The Sapin II Act of November 8 2016 amended the regime governing directors' liability in an insolvency scenario in order to encourage the recovery of honest directors of failed businesses.
In light of the UK’s cram down and director-friendly processes, in particular its scheme of arrangement model, major European economies such as France, Germany and Italy have worked hard to develop regimes that give greater emphasis to pre-insolvency alternatives. These new regimes create cram down mechanisms and encourage debtor-in-possession (DIP) financings, ultimately aiming to make restructuring plans more accessible, more efficient, and crucially more reliable; essentially more in tune with the Anglo-American approach to insolvency and restructuring.
Increased vigilance required in actions for recovery: a "yes, but" does not constitute acceptance
In the presence of a retention of title clause where collective insolvency proceedings are initiated against a debtor, the creditor must file a request for the recovery of goods sold under the retention of title clause before the judicial administrator within three months from the date the opening judgment is published in the Bodacc (Official Bulletin of Civil and Commercial announcements).
A recent decision of the Slovak Courts suggest that if main proceedings have been opened in one member state and the debtor has assets in Slovakia, the insolvency practitioner in the main proceedings must act quickly and sell those assets before secondary proceedings are opened in Slovakia, otherwise he runs the risk of losing the assets to the secondary estate. Legal title to the assets must have passed to the buyer before the secondary proceedings are opened; it is not enough just for contracts to have been exchanged.