The European Commission has proposed measures to protect independent travellers from financial loss if their airline collapses. Current rules provide tourists who book package holidays with protection covering brochure information, rights to cancel without penalty and airline or tour operator insolvency. However, 23% of travellers in the EU now book independently.  

On 14 March 2008 the Court of First Instance (CFI) issued two orders rejecting applications for interim measures by two subsidiaries of a Polish steel producer (Buczek) to suspend the application of a Commission recovery decision pending the final judgment in the case. Between 1997 and 2003 Poland was granted a derogation from the general prohibition on restructuring aid to the steel sector. The derogation was conditional upon Poland implementing a restructuring plan. Aid was provided to Buczek, who failed to properly implement its restructuring plan and went bankrupt in 2006.

On November 1 2007 the State Commission for Insolvency presented the Preliminary Bill for an Insolvency Act to the minister of justice. The bill contains rules for the recognition of insolvency proceedings in non-EU countries and the law applicable to foreign proceedings. This update examines those rules and their relationship to the EU Insolvency Regulation and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency.

Case Law

Background

Due to the economic downturn there has been a rapid growth in debt claims and bankruptcy cases in the Finnish courts. Compared to 2008, almost 40% more bankruptcy proceedings and twice as many debt claims have been started this year.

Retention of title clauses are clauses by which the title to property to be sold is retained by the seller until the purchase price has been paid in full. This is an exception to the general rule provided in the Finnish Sale of Goods Act, according to which the title to property is transferred to the buyer at the same time as possession.

Introduction

Under Finnish law, retention of title can be based on either a separate condition in a sales agreement or a specific agreement referred to in the Hire-Purchase Act.

Since the adoption of the 2011 Finance Act, the scope of application for thin capitalization rules, provided for in article 212 of the French Tax Code, was extended to all loans, including bank loans, backed by security interest or a guarantee, granted by a company belonging to the borrower's group or by a company with a guaranteed undertaking secured by a company related to the borrower.

SUMMARY

French bankruptcy law has been recently modified by Law no. 2012-346 of March 12, 2012 relating to protective measures (mesures conservatoires) applicable to safeguard, recovery and liquidation proceedings, and by Law no. 2012-387 of March 22, 2012 relating to the simplification and easing of administrative procedures.

In France, when bankruptcy proceedings are instituted against a party involved in a pending arbitration it can result in conflicts between the applicable arbitration and insolvency rules. In that context, an arbitral tribunal sitting in France may be confronted with determining the extent to which they must defer to mandatory insolvency rules.