The recent failures of Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) and Signature Bank have dominated news headlines for the last several days. The seemingly abrupt failure of two large financial institutions and the subsequent revelations that some businesses could lose a substantial amount of deposits have a lot of business owners concerned about the security of their funds. However, recent actions by the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”) and United States Treasury Department have substantially reduced the risk that depositors will lose deposits.
Summary
The Bank of England (the BoE) will apply to put the UK arm of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB UK) into Bank Insolvency, which is a modified version of liquidation under Part 2 of the Banking Act 2009, on Sunday 12 March 2023 unless a buyer can be found for SVB UK’s business and assets.
The situation remains fluid and this represents our advice based on public announcements by the BoE and SVB UK that we are aware of as at 12pm on 12 March 2023.
After depositors rushed to withdraw funds from Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), on Friday, March 10, 2023, the US bank was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was named receiver of the closed bank.
The Bank of England (BoE) has announced that Silicon Valley Bank UK Limited (SVB UK) will be sold to HSBC UK Bank Plc (HSBC). This is being carried out under the aegis of the Special Resolution Regime (SRR) — a bespoke pre-insolvency regime applicable to failing banks1 — set forth in the Banking Act 2009 (the Act).
GIVEN THE RECENT NEWS REGARDING SILICON VALLEY BANK, RICHARD OMAN LOOKS AT THE IMPACT THAT LENDER INSOLVENCY HAS ON LOAN FACILITIES AND WHAT BORROWERS AND LENDERS NEED TO CONSIDER.
BACKGROUND
A lot of ink has been spilled in the last 72 hours regarding the historic developments involving Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. Our quick summary of the facts and law is below. Cadwalader will continue to monitor these developments closely and will update you with additional insights.
On Friday March 10, 2023, the Bank of England moved to put the UK arm of Silicon Valley Bank into insolvency after it applied for £1.8bn of liquidity as its parent company was collapsing. The situation remains fluid, and the following Q&A reflects our understanding as of Sunday, March 12.
UK resolution authority and powers
On March 10, 2023, the Bank of England published the following statement regarding Silicon Valley Bank UK Limited (SVB UK):
This alert provides background on the failure of Silicon Valley Bank and explains significant recent developments, including the subsequent failure of Signature Bank and the U.S. government’s announcement that the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) will make whole all depositors of both institutions. This alert also describes the new program simultaneously announced by the Federal Reserve to provide additional liquidity to the banking industry.
Run on Silicon Valley Bank
Following the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), there are many questions being asked across the financial and tech space: what caused the bank to collapse? Could it have been prevented? What could the bank itself and indeed its 40,000 customers - mostly in tech – done differently to mitigate risk and minimise impact.
Given SVB’s involvement in funding many fledgling tech start-ups and scale-ups, we look into what the Bank’s failure could have spelled for the viability of these businesses, and indeed the customers they supply into.