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Introduction

Today, the UK Supreme Court considered for the first time the existence, content and engagement of the so-called “creditor duty”: the alleged duty of a company’s directors to consider, or to act in accordance with, the interests of the company’s creditors when the company becomes insolvent, or when it approaches, or is at real risk of, insolvency.

在经济下行的时候,原来一些质地不错的企业也会陷入困境。对于困境企业而言,通过破产重整焕发生机,也许是最后一根救命稻草;对于投资人而言,未来真正的赚钱机会,也将出现在更多、更复杂的破产重整项目中。今天,我想跟大家谈谈破产重整投资的趋势、挑战与未来。

一、重整投资的趋势

首先,我们来谈谈重整投资已经展现出的四个变化趋势。

第一个趋势,是从被动投资到主动投资。

什么是被动投资?以往一些破产项目中的重整投资人,往往本身就是破产企业的债权人,他们随着陷入危机的破产企业一起被困在了“水中”,不得不通过参与重整投资寻求最后的“上岸”机会,比较典型的就是一些作为困境企业债权人的AMC公司。

什么是主动投资?这几年里,逐渐有一些“岸上的人”也瞄准了重整投资领域。“岸上的人”,是与困境企业没有关系的外部投资人,他们没有受到困境企业的牵连,而是将重整投资视作一个宝贵的商业机会,主动参与其中。这样的“岸上投资人”,既包括产业投资人,也包括财务投资人。

What happens when a shady businessman transfers $1 million from one floundering car dealership to another via the bank account of an innocent immigrant? Will the first dealership’s future chapter 7 trustee be allowed to recover from the naïve newcomer as the “initial transferee” of a fraudulent transfer as per the strict letter of the law? Or will our brave courts of equity exercise their powers to prevent a most grave injustice?

引言

在投融资实践中,一方面,部分掌握核心技术/知识产权(“IP”)的产业投资人、科研院所等出资人(“IP出资人”)在投资时,希望通过IP出资减轻自身的现金出资负担并增强目标公司的核心竞争力,实现共赢。如果出资标的是IP出资人的核心IP,IP出资人往往希望以IP使用权而非IP所有权作为出资,以保护自身利益。另一方面,相较于常见的现金出资,目标公司对IP使用权出资的了解更少,也存在些许疑问。

实践中,IP使用权出资是IP出资人和目标公司/创始人经常向我们咨询的“老话题”。IP使用权出资需要考虑诸多问题和潜在风险,我们在此进行简单介绍,希望为IP出资人和目标公司/创始人提供一些指引。

第一部分 结论

Retired U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Robert E. Gerber once observed that “issues as to the interplay between environmental law and bankruptcy are among the thorniest on the litigation map.” Difficulties navigating this interplay largely stem from the inherent conflict between the goals of bankruptcy and environmental laws, with the former aimed at providing debtors with a fresh start, while the latter cast a broad net to hold parties (even some innocent parties) responsible for past harm to the environment.

Legal nature of a keepwell deed

Keepwell deeds are widely used in offshore financing transactions, but such arrangement has only been tested in the PRC courts in recent years. In this alert, we explore issues relevant to the enforceability of such arrangements in Mainland China.

引言

近年来,伴随着经济形势与产业政策的变化,融资租赁成为了争议高发领域,并且日益呈现出争议案件数量多、标的金额大等特点。以上海地区为例,根据上海高级人民法院发布的《2020年度上海法院金融商事审判情况通报》,在2020年上海法院受理的一审金融商事案件中,融资租赁合同纠纷的案件数量位居第三,同比上升65.93%,争议标的金额则位居第二,仅次于金融借款合同纠纷。而在诸多争议之中,对于租赁物所有权的保护始终是多年以来困扰我国融资租赁从业者、司法裁判者甚至是立法者的一大难题。[1]

本篇中,我们将结合过往在融资租赁业务领域的执业经验,从程序及实体两个角度,分别梳理《中华人民共和国民法典》(以下简称“《民法典》”)生效前的存量项目中,出租人在租赁物被承租人擅自处分后可能面临的“困局”及“破局”进路。而在下篇中,我们将基于后《民法典》时代法律条文与配套制度的更迭,进一步对融资租赁行业实践的变化作出解读与研判。

一、 “困局”:租赁物被承租人擅自处分,出租人的物权保障岌岌可危

A foreign (non-U.S.) company can be dragged unwillingly into a U.S. bankruptcy case if the bankruptcy court has “personal jurisdiction” over the company.

A foreign (non-U.S.) company can be dragged unwillingly into a U.S. bankruptcy case if the bankruptcy court has “personal jurisdiction” over the company.