Das Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 hat Deutschland infiziert. Auch solide Unternehmen drohen in Folge dessen unverschuldet in die Krise zu stürzen. Während die operativen Tätigkeiten aufgrund der Isolierung ganzer Belegschaften oder gesprengten Lieferketten vorübergehend eingestellt werden, bleiben Verbindlichkeiten wie Miete, Gehälter, Sozialabgaben und Kapitaldienst in rechtlicher Hinsicht gegen das Coronavirus immun. Fortlaufende Fixkosten denen kein operatives Ergebnis gegenübersteht, belasten die Liquidität und stellen einen existenzbedrohenden Angriff für jede Unternehmensfinanzierung dar.

In a recent judgment on directors’ liability, the Higher Regional Court of Düsseldorf (Oberlandesgericht Düsseldorf) held that startup companies are not deemed to be overindebted if they are receiving adequate finance from their shareholders or third parties.

Background

A draft bill published on 19 September 2020 intends to further develop the existing restructuring and insolvency law in Germany.

It includes fundamental amendments to German insolvency and restructuring law to stabilise the restructuring of businesses. It also ratifies the Directive (EU) 2019/1023 of the European Parliament and of the Counsel 20 June 2019 on restructuring and insolvency into German national law. The draft bill will come into force on 1 January 2021.

What does this mean for debtors and creditors?

In a recent decision, the German courts clarified the circumstances under which repayments on a loan not granted by a direct shareholder of an insolvent borrower could qualify as repayments on a shareholder loan, and therefore avoid being contested in insolvency proceedings.

Background

The German court has published LG München I v. 13.07.2021 - 6 O 17571/20 – the first published ruling on COVInsAG. We unpack the key takeaways from the decision below.

Background

To mitigate the economic effects of the pandemic, the German government passed the COVID-19 Insolvency Suspension Act (COVInsAG) to temporarily suspend the obligation on directors to file for insolvency where the debtor's insolvency was due to the pandemic. The COVInsAG (Section 2(1) Nos.2 and 4) also suspends large parts of the rules on insolvency avoidance.

In Germany, the duty to file for insolvency if there is illiquidity (Zahlungsunfähigkeit) and/or over-indebtedness (Überschuldung) was suspended under certain circumstances due to the COVID-19 pandemic until the end of September 2020.

The German Federal Government has passed a limited extension of the suspension period regarding over-indebtedness. We summarise the new legislation and outline the key takeaway for your business below.

What does the new legislation say?

The German Insolvency Act (the Act) states that certain company "cash transactions" may be contested in insolvency proceedings only in limited circumstances. Earlier this year, the German Federal Court of Justice clarified that this "cash transaction privilege" does not apply to securities granted by a debtor company for shareholder loans.

The German Act on the Stabilisation and Restructuring Framework for Business (StaRUG) came into force on 1 January 2021, incorporating the EU Restructuring Directive into German law. It provides the first pre-insolvency restructuring framework for the reorganisation of companies facing "imminent illiquidity" and the possibility of involving dissenting creditors. The restructuring plan – which is very similar to the English Scheme of Arrangement and the German insolvency plan – is the central instrument.

Section 1 StaRUG

Under section 64 of the German Companies Act (GmbHG), the managing director of a company is obliged to reimburse payments which have been made after the company becomes illiquid or over-indebted but not when the payments are made with the diligence of a prudent businessman. Such permitted payments include those that are necessary for production, internal operation, and the maintenance of the business concern.

Background

According to German law, managing directors of limited liability companies are personally liable for payments that have been made despite insolvency. This can lead to widespread liability.