South America

Brazil’s lower house of congress approved new fiscal rules on Tuesday, finalizing legislation meant to shore up public finances and assuage market concerns about President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva’s spending plans, Bloomberg News reported. Lawmakers voted 379-64 in favor of the fiscal plan, which will be sent to Lula for his signature. The bill’s passage will pave the way for Lula’s administration to align its 2024 budget plan with the new rules.

Chile’s economy shank less than forecast in the second quarter as growth in the mining industry softened the blow from a prolonged retail slump on the eve of interest rate cuts, Bloomberg News reported. Gross domestic product fell 0.3% in the April-June period from the prior three months, less than the -0.6% median forecast of analysts in a Bloomberg survey. From a year ago, the economy dropped 1.1%, the central bank reported Friday. Meanwhile, GDP growth in the first quarter was revised to 0.4%, half of the original 0.8% increase.

Argentina's economy ministry will freeze domestic crude oil prices at $56 per barrel until the end of October after an agreement with the industry, to help tamp down triple-digit inflation, two oil sector sources said on Friday, Reuters reported. The agreement came after meetings on Thursday between Economy Minister Sergio Massa and executives from oil companies such as YPF and Vista. The government had also announced a freeze on domestic fuel pump prices.

Prosecutors in Colombia on Thursday announced criminal indictments against 60 people, including dozens of former government officials, on graft charges tied to the transnational corruption scandal involving disgraced Brazilian contractor Odebrecht, the Wall Street Journal reported. The charges represent more fallout from the extensive bribery network that Odebrecht in 2016 admitted to creating in a dozen countries, from Latin America to Africa, to bribe politicians and government officials for lucrative infrastructure contracts.

When global inflation surged in 2021, many of Latin America’s central bankers were the first to raise interest rates, moving months before the Federal Reserve began tightening. Recalling how hyperinflation topped 3,000% in some countries in the 1980s, central-bank economists from Brasília to Lima to Mexico City knew all too well the damage that soaring prices could cause. Now, Latin America is again at the forefront of the cycle, cutting rates as inflation comes back down, the Wall Street Journal reported.

Negotiators and officials representing Venezuela are opposing a court-ordered auction of shares in a parent of oil refiner Citgo Petroleum to pay creditors claiming more than $10 billion from expropriations and debt defaults, Reuters reported Some 20 creditors with arbitration awards or lawsuits against Venezuela and its state oil company PDVSA on Monday asked a federal court in Delaware to register their cases so they can participate in the October-scheduled auction. The auction puts priority on when claims were filed.

Brazil's Finance Minister Fernando Haddad said the government was surprised by the central bank's delay in cutting interest rates, noting that there were already reasons for a reduction before the easing cycle began earlier this month, Reuters reported. In a podcast interview with journalist Reinaldo Azevedo, recorded on Friday and aired on Monday, he stressed that the strong economic performance of the first quarter was boosted by the farm sector, and said that he had been indicating a significant slowdown ahead.

Argentina is hiking interest rates and devaluing its currency in a bid to reassure markets as assets went into free fall Monday after a populist who vowed to burn down the central bank won surprisingly strong support in a primary vote, Bloomberg News reported. The government rushed to devalue its official exchange rate as much as 18% to around 350 pesos per dollar and hiked its key rate by 21 percentage points to 18% in a drastic policy shift as it runs out of funds to defend its currency.

Chile's central bank could consider interest rate cuts of 75 or 100 basis points at its next meetings, minutes from the board's July meeting showed on Monday, while also cautioning that inflation remained high, Reuters reported. The bank's board voted unanimously in July to cut the benchmark interest rate by 100 basis points to 10.25%, although some board members expressed concern about the move, according to the minutes.

Chile's benchmark interest rate will likely come down to between 7.75% and 8% by the end of the year, as expected by analysts, the country's central bank chief said on Thursday, Reuters reported. Chile's central bank was one of the first in Latin America to cut interest rates during the current monetary policy cycle, slashing the rate from 11.25% to 10.25% at the end of July. However, the 100-basis-point cut is not indicative of future rate moves in Chile, central bank chief Rosanna Costa cautioned, speaking at an event.