The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit recently held that prematurity redemptions of commercial paper made by Enron Corp. shortly before it filed for bankruptcy were protected from avoidance by 11 U.S.C. § 546(e)’s safe harbor for securities transaction settlement payments. In re Enron Creditors Recovery Corp. v. Alfa., No. 09-5122-bk (2d Cir. June 28, 2011). In so doing, the Second Circuit resolved a clash between the Bankruptcy Code’s interest in avoiding preferential debt repayment and the securities industry’s interest in preserving transaction finality.

The Bottom Line:

The United States Bankruptcy Code provides that any interest that a debtor holds in property as of the date of the debtor's bankruptcy filing becomes property of the debtor's bankruptcy estate. 11 U.S.C. § 541(c)(1). In a chapter 7 bankruptcy case, a trustee will be appointed to, among other things, liquidate property of the debtor's bankruptcy estate for the ultimate payment of the debtor's creditors. 11 U.S.C. § 704(a)(1).

The Bottom Line:

In a recent ruling, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals rejected a per se rule that only corporate insiders can have their debt claims recharacterized as equity. Instead, in In re Lothian Oil Inc., 2011 WL 3473354 (5th Cir. Aug. 9, 2011), the Court of Appeals held that "recharacterization extends beyond insiders and is part of the bankruptcy courts' authority to allow and disallow claims under 11 U.S.C. § 502." Thus, all creditors, regardless of their insider status, are susceptible to having their claims recharacterized as equity.

The Facts of the Case

October 17, 2006 marked the one year anniversary of the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (the "Reform Act"). The Reform Act has provided some much needed relief to commercial landlords, and the reported decisions of bankruptcy courts during the first year of the Reform Act confirm the effectiveness of the new landlord-friendly provisions.

A business consultant who contracted to receive a percentage of a company’s shares in exchange for helping the company go public—but never actually received those shares and obtained a money judgment against the company instead—was not a holder of equity for purposes of subordination under the Bankruptcy Code, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has determined.

Utility Services—Darby v. Time Warner Cable, Inc. (In re Darby), No. 05-20931 (5th Cir., Nov. 14, 2006)

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit has held, in an issue of first impression in the circuit, that a cable service provider was not a utility under section 366 of the Bankruptcy Code. Therefore, the cable company was not obligated to provide services to a bankrupt debtor, even though the debtor offered assurances of future payment. The ruling affirmed the holdings of two lower courts.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit recently ruled that constructive fraudulent conveyance claims arising under state law are preempted by the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. § 101 et seq. (Code), where the transfers were made by or to financial intermediaries effectuating settlement payments in securities transactions or made in connection with a securities contract, irrespective of whether the plaintiff is a debtor in possession, bankruptcy trustee or other creditors’ representative.

The Absolute Priority Rule: Zachary v. California Bank & Trust