The Labor and Employment Group at Hogan Lovells is proud to have contributed to the 2020 version of the firm’s Doing Business in the United States Guide. The Guide provides a high-level overview of the laws and practices important to foreign investors interested in operating in the United States, including recent legal developments.

On August 23, 2019, Congress passed, and the President signed into law, Public Law 116-54 known as the “Small Business Reorganization Act of 2019” or “SBRA.” It takes effect on February 19, 2020. The SBRA adds a provision (namely subchapter V) to Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code to make the reorganization process less complicated, and thus less expensive, for small businesses. The Act generally defines a small business as a debtor with less than approximately $2.7 Million of secured and unsecured debt.

Mark your calendars! The New Jersey Department of the Treasury recently announced a new one-time program authorized by recent legislation aimed at improving government-to-business interactions.

The Streamlined Business Reinstatement and Dissolution Program offers businesses that are currently in “revoked status” – due to not having complied with the state’s administrative reporting requirements – an expedited path to reinstatement or dissolution, both notoriously time-consuming and expensive processes.

On November 12, 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit reversed a decision of the Bankruptcy Court for the District of Massachusetts in a case that illustrates fraudulent transfer risk for colleges and universities that receive tuition payments from a student’s insolvent parents.

Constructive Fraudulent Transfer Claims and College Tuition Payments

On October 22, the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit issued a ruling in Crocker v. Navient Solutions that could have mixed consequences for student loan borrowers and creditors alike. The Court determined that a bankruptcy court lacks the authority to enforce discharge injunctions issued by bankruptcy courts in other districts.

The President signed legislation on August 23, 2019 modifying the Bankruptcy Code in several respects. Here are the four biggest takeaways.

Help for the preference recipient

Almost all businesses have either received a letter from a bankruptcy trustee or have been sued by the trustee for the repayment of sums they received from their customer within 90 days of the customer’s bankruptcy filing. The recipient has several affirmative defenses to return of these so-called “preference” payments that may reduce, or even eliminate, the amount that must be repaid.

On Friday, August 23, President Trump signed into law the “Small Business Reorganization Act of 2019.” The SBRA will take effect in February 2020 and, at long last, may provide some (although probably minimal) relief to businesses, large and small, from the threat of questionable and small dollar bankruptcy preference claims.

With very little press, President Trump signed into law the Family Farmer Relief Act on August 23, 2019 (Public Law no. 116-51). The measure increases the current debt limit used to determine whether a family farmer is eligible for relief under Chapter 12 of the Bankruptcy Code from $4,411,400 to $10,000,000. By lifting this cap, Congress has provided more farmers, who would otherwise be required to file Chapter 11, with the opportunity to qualify for the specialized relief of Chapter 12.

Anyone who hasn’t heard about the “student loan crisis” in the U.S. hasn’t been paying attention. U.S. student loan debt is estimated to range from between $1.2 and $1.6 trillion with more than seven million borrowers in default. On an individual level, a graduate of a four-year college who took out a loan to get through currently owes, on average, $28,000. Average debt for a student who completed graduate school, as you would expect, is greater, and can range from $50,000 to more than $100,000.

Seyfarth Synopsis: Democrats now control both houses of the New York Legislature as well as the Governor’s office. Among the host of expected legislation, the anticipated passage of the Child Victim Act (“CVA”) is likely to have a significant impact on many of New York’s institutions. Educational, religious or other civic organizations that care for children should begin taking the appropriate steps to best prepare for the inevitable impact of this Act.

What is the Child Victim Act?