In Otway (liquidator), in the matter of AMD Freight Pty Ltd (in liq) (No 2) [2025] FCA 1169 the Federal Court of Australia considered an application for termination of a winding up under the Corporations Act brought by the liquidators of AMD Freight Pty Limited (In Liquidation) (Compan

Insolvency and liquidation proceedings inevitably raise the question of how competing creditor claims are ranked. One area of particular importance is the treatment of employee claims, as legislators typically grant them special protection to safeguard livelihoods. Hungarian insolvency law reflects this policy by granting priority status to certain employee entitlements.

When Do Employee Claims Rank Ahead of Other Creditors?

在国有企业对外投资实践中，利润分配是国有资本保值增值的核心环节之一，但具体能否实现、如何实现取决于公司的经营、管理情况。《公司法解释（四）》对强制利润分配作出规范，为解决该类公司内部争议提供了新的法律路径，但司法实践中仍面临诸多待明确的问题：强制盈余分配的适格被告是否仅为公司？控股股东、董监高能否被列为责任主体、承担何种责任？因利润分配产生的公司僵局又如何处理？此类争议的背后，是国有参股方对“公司内部纠纷有效化解”的现实需求，也牵涉公司自治边界与司法介入尺度在个案语境中的“博弈”。

一、国有企业股权投资中利润分配的监管要求

国有企业对外投资利润分配受众多法律法规及监管规定规范，随经济发展与国企改革不断完善，都体现出平衡商业利益，推动合资发展的理念。

In a recent decision, In the matter of Toys “R” Us ANZ Limited (subject to deed of company arrangement) [2025] FCA 1135, the Federal Court provided important clarification as to its discretionary power to permit the administrator of a deed of company arrangement to transfer share in the company. 

The recent NCLT Kochi Bench judgment in Regional Provident Fund Commissioner vs.

The decision of the Federal Court inTrue North Copper Limited (Administrators Appointed) [2024] FCA 1329 demonstrates the exercise of the Court’s discretion in giving effect to the objects of Pt 5.3A of theCorporations Act 2001 (Cth), whilst offering protection to administrators against liabilities which may arise when making commercial decisions in the course of discharging their duties effectively.

Introduction

2025年9月12日，十四届全国人大常委会第十七次会议对《中华人民共和国企业破产法（修订草案）》进行了审议，并向全社会公布了修订草案稿，向全社会公开征求意见。这部备受瞩目、可称得上是国家经济晴雨表的重要法律，在历经超过十八年实施和司法实践检验的风风雨雨后，终于迎来了立法上的第一次修订。回首2007年6月1日生效施行以来，我国《企业破产法》历经十八年的破产司法实践，可以说是从十八年前的“儿童节”呱呱坠地到现在十八年后已经“长大成人”，承载的是破产立法者、司法者、执法者、管理人以及所有参与到破产司法实践中的广大债权人、债务人及投资人的冀望和期许，本次修订意义重大。

纵观本次破产法修订草案，从原《企业破产法》共13章136条，到现《修订草案》共16章216条，修改、删除、新增条款多达160余条，修订条文比例超过70%，条文调整幅度不可谓不大。纵观法律条文变化，新增了大量新概念、新制度，制度创新力度不可谓不大。笔者结合多年来担任破产管理人、破产债权人的代理人、破产债务人及其股东的代理人、重整投资人专项顾问等破产实务经验，对《企业破产法（修订草案）》进行了研读，站在破产司法实践的视角尝试进行实践解读并展开思考。

一、对《企业破产法（修订草案）》的整体解读

Winding-up proceedings are draconian and can lead to a company’s demise. For this reason the insolvency legislation stipulates that service of a winding up petition cannot take place by post, but instead must be personally delivered to a company’s registered office address.

In insolvency and liquidation proceedings, the question regularly arises of how competing creditor claims should be satisfied. Of particular importance is the treatment of employee claims, as legislators typically seek to ensure their special protection. Hungarian insolvency law addresses this concern by granting certain employee claims a privileged ranking.

When do employee claims take precedence over other creditors?

The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India (“Supreme Court”), in the case of IL&FS Financial Services Ltd. vs. Adhunik Meghalaya Steels Pvt. Ltd.1, held that entries in a company’s balance sheet acknowledging outstanding borrowings constitute a valid acknowledgment of debt under Section 18 of the Limitation Act, 1963 (“Limitation Act”), even if the creditor is not specifically named within the balance sheet.