簡介

中國於 1986 年頒布《企業破產法》。《企業破產法》屬全國性法律，但只適用於企業清盤， 並不涵蓋自然人破產。中國首部個人破產法規《深圳經濟特區個人破產條例》（「該條例」） 於 2020 年 8 月 31 日頒布，並已於 2021 年 3 月 1 日生效。當局在草擬該條例時，參考了多個 市場經濟發展較為成熟的司法管轄區的法律，例如英國、美國、德國、日本、香港及台灣。該 條例旨在建立完整的現代化破產制度，讓誠實而不幸的債務人能夠從債務危機中解脫出來。

申請個人破產的準則 

根據該條例第二條，該條例適用於符合下列準則的自然人：

1. 在深圳經濟特區居住；
2. 連續三年繳納社會保險費；及
3.  資產不足以清償全部債務或因生產經營、生活消費導致喪失清償債務能力。 

上述債務人應當清償債務或與債權人達成和解協議。如債務人符合以上準則但有未來可預期收 入，則可進行重整。債務人若已按照該條例展開個人破產程序，其配偶亦可提交個人破產申 請，無需符合關於居住地及社會保險費的準則。 

Financial liability in terms of multiple loans or credit cards is to be best handled by availing the option of a ‘Debt consolidation loan in UAE’. There are several banks in the UAE providing the services of a ‘debt consolidation loan’. As per the latest surveys, it is seen that at least three in five UAE residents have outstanding debts of various nature and therefore can benefit from the Debt consolidation services.

How it works:

How many times can a debtor file a petition in bankruptcy in the reorganization stage (Chapter 11)? What is the time between the approval of the plan and the second petition (Chapter 22)?

The COVID-19 pandemic is also keeping legislators on their toes, who are continuing to try to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the economy. The focus was initially on the temporary suspension of the obligation to file for insolvency by the COVID-19 Insolvency Suspension Act (COVInsAG). Following on from this, with the Act on the Further Development of Restructuring and Insolvency Law (SanInsFoG), which came into force on 1 January 2021, the legislator has further modified obligations of conduct and, correspondingly, the liability of managing directors in the crisis of the company.

When is a loan not a loan? The SDNY Bankruptcy Court in In Re: Live Primary, LLC[1] held that a $6 million start-up loan was actually an equity contribution after analyzing the terms of the transaction and the intent of the parties. The court recharacterized the loan as equity given the alleged loan functioned as an equity investment would be expected to function.

Esta Resolución, tramitada con arreglo a lo previsto en el artículo 13 de la Circular 1/2021, de 20 de enero, de la CNMC, por la que se establece la metodología y condiciones del acceso y de la conexión a las redes de transporte y distribución de las instalaciones de producción de energía eléctrica, vendría a completar el marco normativo del acceso y conexión y daría cumplimiento a lo previsto en su Disposición Transitoria Única. De esta forma:

Late on April 19, 2021, Wilmington, Del.-based non-profit Connections Community Support Programs, Inc. (“CCSP”), which provides psychiatric/behavioral health services, substance use disorder treatment, housing and veterans’ services, intellectual disabilities services and operation support services, filed a petition under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (Case No. 21-10723).

In a case with wide-reaching implications for the private equity industry, the U.S. Supreme Court ended a decade-long effort by distressed debt investors to undermine the safe harbor from avoidance actions set forth in Section 546(e) of the Bankruptcy Code. On April 19, 2021, the Supreme Court denied a petition for certiorari in the In re Tribune Company Fraudulent Conveyance Litigation (“Tribune”), preserving the safe harbor defense for LBOs established by the influential Second Circuit.

The Federal Court of Australia has ordered two company directors to personally compensate customers, pay a large fine and be disqualified from managing a corporation for being ‘knowingly concerned’ in unconscionable conduct by their company and ‘causing it’ to make false or misleading representations, in contravention of the Australian Consumer Law.

The orders made by the Federal Court of Australia against the company directors of Australian 4WD Hire, a vehicle rental company, were:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY