一、破产企业的环境责任
破产企业环境责任的概念界定：破产企业在对环境致害结果负有直接或间接责任的情况下，应承担的相应的环境民事、行政和刑事责任。
（一）企业环境责任之现行法律规定
民事
企业环境民事责任一般为环境侵权法律责任，主要规定在《民法典》第七编第七章环境污染和生态破坏责任。其中第一千二百二十九条对环境私益侵权作出了总括规定，第一千二百三十四条对环境公益侵权作出了总括规定，第一千二百三十五条规定了环境公益侵权中侵权人须赔偿损失和费用的具体内容。
此外，《最高人民法院关于审理环境侵权责任纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第十三条规定，人民法院应当根据被侵权人的诉讼请求以及具体案情，合理判定污染者承担停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、恢复原状、赔礼道歉、赔偿损失等民事责任。
因此，环境侵权责任的承担方式包括停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、恢复原状、赔偿损失等。
Judgment creditors should be aware that the English Court of Appeal has given guidance on the proper construction of s423 Insolvency Act 1986 (transactions defrauding creditors)1.
Divorce and Family partner Lisette Dupré and Commercial Litigation partner Elaina Bailes were among 500 lawyers from more than 50 countries who gathered for the AIJA International Young Lawyers’ Congress in Rio between 20 and 26 August. This year’s theme was rethinking the law in four dimensions, which called upon speakers to think more about how the law may develop in the next five years than simply looking at how it stands today.
INTRODUCTION:
In a recent judgement of Paschimanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd. v. Raman Ispat Private Ltd. and Ors. (being Civil Appeal No.7976 of 2019), the Hon’ble Supreme Court has held that Section 238 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“IBC/Code”) overrides the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003, despite the latter containing two specific provisions being Section 173 and 174 which have overriding effect over all other laws.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND:
Die Immobilienbranche steht aktuell vor großen Herausforderungen: Explodierende Baustoffpreise, hohe Inflation, etc. vergrößern die wirtschaftlichen Risiken.
Die Immobilienbranche gilt als eine der akuten Krisenbranchen in Deutschland. Die Corona-Pandemie, der Ukraine-Krieg, die Inflation und die Zinswende haben zu einem Einbruch der Bauaufträge, der Flächennachfrage und der Immobilienpreise geführt. Die Baukosten sind enorm gestiegen, während die Investoren* zurückhaltender geworden sind.
Immobilienkrise in Zahlen
Following are this week’s summaries of the Court of Appeal for Ontario for the week of September 4, 2023.
In AssessNet Inc. v. Ferro Estate, the Court set aside an order dismissing the action, finding that the summary judgment motion judge had erred in determining the issue of discoverability of a claim against a trustee in bankruptcy.
Torgersrud v Lightstone is a family law decision where the Court dismissed an appeal from an order setting aside a marriage contract entered into in Quebec in 1988.
Where a creditor believes that a debtor is insolvent, any “third-party application” that it makes for the insolvency of the debtor must be well substantiated.
Decision
The District Court of Hamburg recently considered an application for insolvency on grounds of illiquidity due to default in social security contributions.
A landmark decision of the German Federal Court (13 June 2006 – IX ZB 238/05) held that the illiquidity of a company could be assumed where it was in default for more than six months of social security contributions.
A proposed amendment to the Insolvency Act, has been approved by the government and is currently under discussion in the Czech Parliament. It is expected to significantly alleviate the situation for debtors seeking debt relief. The previous government had intended to introduce similar changes; however, the legislative process was halted by the end of its term.
Current position
Currently, debtors can achieve debt relief only after 5 years of "good conduct", unless they:
In Poland, pre-pack insolvency sales have been available since 1 January 2016. The legal framework regulating pre-pack insolvency sales was introduced into Polish insolvency law as part of a major reform of insolvency legislation that was aimed at preserving the value carried by the assets of insolvent entities and to ensure higher satisfaction for creditors.