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    跨境投资中的债务重组——香港公司清盘(上)
    2022-09-07

    企业出现债务危机后,可能最终不得不走向破产清算的结局。通常而言,处于债务危机中的企业已存在无偿债能力(insolvent)的情况,不能藉由公司自行注销的程序完成注销公司;否则,未经清盘程序注销的公司有可能仍被债权人申请恢复,并继续追索债务,届时会给公司股东或董事带来不必要的麻烦。相应地,虽然清盘后解散的公司在法律上仍有可能被恢复,但仅限于清盘过程中遗漏重大债权或资产的情况等,通常不会出现这种情况。

    根据《公司(清盘及杂项条文)条例》(香港条例第32章)第169条,香港公司清盘方式可分为两大类:第一类是由法院强制清盘;第二类是自愿清盘,而自愿清盘又可以分为股东自愿清盘与债权人自愿清盘两种。各路径均能令香港公司清盘,并在彻底厘清与处理资产及债务情况下宣告公司解散。本文为上篇,将简要介绍香港公司清盘的程序。

    一、股东自愿清盘

    股东自愿清盘是指公司可以自行由股东会进行特别决议,或董事会层面作出决议,宣布公司进行清盘,并委任清盘人进行清盘程序。根据《公司(清盘及杂项条文)条例》(香港条例第32章)第228条、229条和233条的要求,董事需要在清盘决议前的5个星期内发出一份《有偿债能力证明书》,说明董事已经详细地调查过公司事务,并认为在未来12个月内能够还清各项债务。

    Filed under:
    Hong Kong, Insolvency & Restructuring, Zhong Lun Law Firm
    Authors:
    Jane P. Yao , Mark Zhang
    Location:
    Hong Kong
    Firm:
    Zhong Lun Law Firm
    董事不合理反對清盤呈請或須承擔訟費責任 (一)
    2022-09-01

    簡介

    最近在Re Carnival Group International Holdings Ltd [2022] HKCFI 2668一案中,本所代表呈請人成功申請將嘉年華國際控股有限公司(「該公司」)清盤。該公司是一家在香港聯合交易所(「聯交所」)上市的百慕達公司。在本案中,法院澄清及確認其將外國公司清盤的司法管轄權。此外,法院命令就訟費問題將該公司董事(「董事」)加入為被告人,因此日後假如公司在欠缺理據的情況下反對清盤呈請,董事或須就呈請人及支持清盤的債權人的訟費承擔個人責任。

    背景

    該公司在百慕達註冊成立,並根據香港前《公司條例》第XI部註冊為海外公司,其股份在聯交所上市,股份代號 996。該公司是一家投資控股公司,持有在香港、中國內地及英屬維爾京群島註冊成立的附屬公司(統稱「該集團」)。該集團主要在中國內地經營主題式休閒及消費業務。

    Filed under:
    Hong Kong, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, ONC Lawyers, Hong Kong Stock Exchange
    Authors:
    Sherman Yan , Pinky Chan
    Location:
    Hong Kong
    Firm:
    ONC Lawyers
    Directors’ personal liability for costs for unreasonably opposing a winding-up petition - Part I
    2022-09-01

    Introduction

    Filed under:
    Hong Kong, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, ONC Lawyers, Hong Kong Stock Exchange
    Authors:
    Sherman Yan , Pinky Chan
    Location:
    Hong Kong
    Firm:
    ONC Lawyers
    董事不合理反对清盘呈请或须承担讼费责任 (一)
    2022-09-01

    简介

    最近在Re Carnival Group International Holdings Ltd [2022] HKCFI 2668一案中,本所代表呈请人成功申请将嘉年华国际控股有限公司(「该公司」)清盘。该公司是一家在香港联合交易所(「联交所」)上市的百慕达公司。在本案中,法院澄清及确认其将外国公司清盘的司法管辖权。此外,法院命令就讼费问题将该公司董事(「董事」)加入为被告人,因此日后假如公司在欠缺理据的情况下反对清盘呈请,董事或须就呈请人及支持清盘的债权人的讼费承担个人责任。

    背景

    该公司在百慕达注册成立,并根据香港前《公司条例》第XI部注册为海外公司,其股份在联交所上市,股份代号 996。该公司是一家投资控股公司,持有在香港、中国内地及英属维尔京群岛注册成立的附属公司(统称「该集团」)。该集团主要在中国内地经营主题式休闲及消费业务。

    Filed under:
    Hong Kong, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, ONC Lawyers, Hong Kong Stock Exchange
    Authors:
    Sherman Yan , Pinky Chan
    Location:
    Hong Kong
    Firm:
    ONC Lawyers
    The carnival is over - directors face cost consequences of opposing winding up
    2022-09-02

    Directors who oppose company windings up with little more than a hope that a restructuring proposal may bear fruit may have to weigh their actions carefully going forward, following a recent decision by the Hong Kong Companies Court.

    Filed under:
    Hong Kong, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Hogan Lovells, Liquidation, Insolvency
    Authors:
    Jonathan Leitch , Nigel Sharman
    Location:
    Hong Kong
    Firm:
    Hogan Lovells
    香港法院承认外地清盘程序:以公司主要利益中心为首要准则
    2022-08-31

    简介

    香港法院过往一直承认公司在其注册成立所在的司法管辖区展开的外地清盘程序。但最近在Provisional Liquidator of Global Brands Group Holding Ltd v Computershare Hong Kong Trustees Ltd [2022] HKCFI 1789一案中,夏利士法官提出一种新的方法,承认在公司的「主要利益中心」所在的司法管辖区进行的外地清盘程序。夏利士法官认为,就香港法院承认及协助外地清盘人而言,外地清盘程序在公司注册成立地点进行这一点并不足够,也非必要。

    背景

    利标品牌有限公司(「该公司」)是一间在百慕达注册成立,并在香港联合交易所上市的投资控股公司。由于新型肺炎疫情持续,该公司及其附属公司的业务面临严峻困难,因此该公司董事会认为展开清盘程序符合该公司的利益,并向百慕达法院申请委任临时清盘人(「临时清盘人」),授以有限度权力以协助该公司重组债务。然而,重组并不成功,百慕达法院于2021年11月5日对该公司发出清盘令。

    Filed under:
    Hong Kong, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, ONC Lawyers, Coronavirus, Insolvency
    Authors:
    Ludwig Ng , Ivy Wang
    Location:
    Hong Kong
    Firm:
    ONC Lawyers
    Recognition of foreign insolvency processes in Hong Kong - a company’s centre of main interest as the primary criterion
    2022-08-31

    Introduction

    Filed under:
    Hong Kong, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, ONC Lawyers, Coronavirus, Insolvency
    Authors:
    Ludwig Ng , Ivy Wang
    Location:
    Hong Kong
    Firm:
    ONC Lawyers
    Landmark judgment from Hong Kong Court of Appeal on the effect of exclusive jurisdiction clauses in insolvency proceedings
    2022-08-31

    The Hong Kong commercial and insolvency disputes team acted for the successful appellant in Guy Kwok-Hung Lam -v- Tor Asia Credit Master Fund LP CACV 393/2021 [2022] HKCA 1297.

    Filed under:
    Hong Kong, United Kingdom, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Hill Dickinson, Insolvency
    Authors:
    Bryan O'Hare , Pui Yip Leung
    Location:
    Hong Kong, United Kingdom
    Firm:
    Hill Dickinson
    Increased scrutiny of liquidators in Hong Kong
    2022-08-31

    Liquidators are of crucial importance where there are risks that a company is approaching the end of its operating cycle. Liquidators protect the interests of creditors and release or transfer economic value that would otherwise be trapped and sometimes lost after a winding-up. However, in two recent cases, we have seen criticism directed at liquidators by the courts in Hong Kong. This is of particular importance where liquidators are appointed by the courts as officers of the court and must uphold high standards required by that appointment and the law.

    Filed under:
    Hong Kong, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Dentons Hong Kong, Insolvency
    Authors:
    Richard Keady , David Kwok
    Location:
    Hong Kong
    Firm:
    Dentons Hong Kong
    香港法院承認外地清盤程序:以公司主要利益中心為首要準則
    2022-08-31

    簡介

    香港法院過往一直承認公司在其註冊成立所在的司法管轄區展開的外地清盤程序。但最近在Provisional Liquidator of Global Brands Group Holding Ltd v Computershare Hong Kong Trustees Ltd [2022] HKCFI 1789一案中,夏利士法官提出一種新的方法,承認在公司的「主要利益中心」所在的司法管轄區進行的外地清盤程序。夏利士法官認為,就香港法院承認及協助外地清盤人而言,外地清盤程序在公司註冊成立地點進行這一點並不足夠,也非必要。

    背景

    利標品牌有限公司(「該公司」)是一間在百慕達註冊成立,並在香港聯合交易所上市的投資控股公司。由於新型肺炎疫情持續,該公司及其附屬公司的業務面臨嚴峻困難,因此該公司董事會認為展開清盤程序符合該公司的利益,並向百慕達法院申請委任臨時清盤人(「臨時清盤人」),授以有限度權力以協助該公司重組債務。然而,重組並不成功,百慕達法院於2021年11月5日對該公司發出清盤令。

    Filed under:
    Hong Kong, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, ONC Lawyers, Coronavirus, Insolvency
    Authors:
    Ludwig Ng , Ivy Wang
    Location:
    Hong Kong
    Firm:
    ONC Lawyers

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