One of the primary fights underlying assumption of an unexpired lease or executory contract has long been over whether any debtor breaches under the agreement are “curable.” Before the 2005 amendments to the Bankruptcy Code, courts were split over whether historic nonmonetary breaches (such as a failure to maintain cash reserves or prescribed hours of operation) undermined a debtor’s ability to assume the lease or contract.

LLC organizers sometimes refer to themselves loosely as “partners” during the preliminary stages of a development project, before they get around to forming their limited liability company, but those words can come back to haunt them. Say, for example, that during the pre-formation phase, one of the organizers signs a contract in his own name, intending that the LLC carry out the contract. The LLC is formed, but then the project doesn’t go forward, the parties fall out, and the organizer that signed the contract can’t pay.

In re Tronox Incorporated, et al., 2011 WL 1815149 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. May 11, 2011)

CASE SNAPSHOT

NHB Assignments, LLC v. General Atlantic, LLC and Braden Kelly (In re PMTS Liquidating Corp., et al.) Case No. 08-11551 (BLS) (Bankr. D. Del. July 1, 2011)  

CASE SNAPSHOT

On September 6, 2011, a bankruptcy court approved an agreement between bankrupt bookseller Borders Group, Inc. (“Borders”) and Next Jump, Inc., (“Next Jump”) regarding Next Jump’s alleged trademark infringement and unauthorized use of Borders’ customer information.  Next Jump stipulated that it will not communicate with persons on Borders’ customer list, and that it would remove the Borders name and marks from websites that Next Jump owns or operates.

MATRIX IV, INC. v. AMERICAN NATIONAL BANK AND TRUST CO. OF CHICAGO (July 28, 2011)

A business consultant who contracted to receive a percentage of a company’s shares in exchange for helping the company go public—but never actually received those shares and obtained a money judgment against the company instead—was not a holder of equity for purposes of subordination under the Bankruptcy Code, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has determined.

In a case of first impression, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has held that a claim for damages based on a chapter 11 debtor’s failure to issue shares of its common stock in exchange for a claimant’s stock in another company pursuant to a termination agreement is subject to mandatory subordination.

In Rombro v. Dufrayne (In re Med Diversified, Inc.), 461 F.3d 251 (2d Cir. 2006), the court held that the claim “arose from” the purchase of the debtor’s stock within the meaning and purpose of the Bankruptcy Code’s subordination provision.

Coping with the Insolvent Business Partner

Following the rule that swap agreements should be netted after contract termination, a New York bankruptcy court has held that such agreements also should be netted following rejection in bankruptcy.

“Although rejection of an agreement does not equal termination,” Bankruptcy Judge Arthur J. Gonzalez acknowledged in In re Enron Corp., 349 B.R. 96 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. Aug. 2, 2006), “this does not affect the determination of…rejection damages. Termination of swap agreements generally requires that the parties’ positions be netted.”

“Rejection leads to a similar result,” he stated.