The English Court of Appeal has clarified the interpretation of two aspects of s.423 of the Insolvency Act 1986, the legislation which provides a mechanism for the avoidance of transactions which have been made for the purpose of defrauding creditors:Invest Bank PSC v Ahmad Mohammad El-Husseini [2023] EWCA Civ 555.
Two recent cases, Re Guangdong Overseas Construction Corporation [2023] HKCFI 1340 (the “GOCC Case“) and Re Trinity International Brands Limited [2023] HKCFI 1581 (the “Trinity Case“), reaffirm
Entre otras disposiciones, el RDL 5/2023 contiene una serie de medidas para la transposición de la Directiva (UE) 2019/2121 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 27 de noviembre de 2019, en lo que atañe a las transformaciones, fusiones y escisiones transfronterizas intracomunitarias, estructurándose en cuatro títulos, que suponen una nueva regulación de las modificaciones estructurales de las sociedades mercantiles.
一只基金在经历“募、投、管、退”几个阶段后,会进入其生命周期的最后一个阶段:清盘和解散,这个阶段涉及对于基金的资产的盘点、处置、分配以及一些法定的清盘和解散程序的履行。虽然在清盘阶段,需要盘点资产、处置及分配,但其实很多基金在运营过程中已经根据其合伙协议下的瀑布式分配条款向投资人完成了绝大多数分配(如下图所示),清盘很多时候仅成为一个注销基金的程序性必经环节而已。

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有时候由于跨境重组中精简结构或者其他商业上的考虑,一些PE基金的主体也需要清盘和注销。无论是由于期限到期清盘,还是由于重组而清盘,大多数开曼PE基金会采用自愿清盘(voluntary liquidation)的方式退出,因此我们在本文中会重点介绍开曼法下豁免有限合伙的自愿清盘,也会对开曼法下的剔除(strike-off)程序在豁免有限合伙场景下的应用进行简单介绍。
The Court of Appeal has set aside a freezing order obtained by a provisional liquidator within winding up proceedings, on the basis that the cross-undertaking in damages given by him was inadequate because it was limited to the amount recovered for the estate. The liquidator had not discharged the burden of showing good reason to depart from the “default position” that a cross-undertaking should be unlimited in amount: Hunt v Ubhi [2023] EWCA Civ 417.
In Simplicity & Vogue Retailing (HK) Co., Limited [2023] HKCFI 1443, the Hong Kong Companies Court (the “Court“) made a winding up order against the Company on the basis that it failed to pay security in time. In considering the Company’s opposition grounds, the Court commented that it retains discretion to wind up a company in cases involving an arbitration clause.
引言
企业国有资产无偿划转,是指企业国有资产在政府机构、事业单位及特定国有企业之间的无偿转移,其作为一种特殊的产权转移方式,具有程序简单、高效便捷、无偿等优势,是国有企业进行资产重组调整的重要方式之一。我国目前已经逐步建立起相对完善的无偿划转制度体系,但无偿划转实务中仍有不少问题尚待明确。厘清国有资产无偿划转过程中的疑难问题,对于正确适用无偿划转制度及促进国有资产保值增值皆有重要意义。
一、企业国有资产无偿划转的制度体系及适用
(一)企业国有资产无偿划转的制度体系概述
自2003年国务院国有资产监督管理委员会(以下简称“国务院国资委”)成立后,我国的国有资产无偿划转制度逐步完善,并形成了现有涵盖有限责任公司、非上市股份有限公司、上市公司的无偿划转制度体系,所涉及的主要规则如下:

The High Court has held that certain assets sold by a company around the time of its administration were subject to a fixed charge rather than a floating charge and as such, the sale proceeds were not to be distributed to preferential creditors or unsecured creditors: Avanti Communications Ltd, Re [2023] EWHC 940 (Ch).
Two recent judgments from different Australian courts have considered circumstances in which insolvency disputes can (or cannot) be arbitrated in accordance with pre-existing arbitration agreements. In particular, the decisions address the following two key issues:
- when certain insolvency claims can be arbitrated; and
- when a third party can participate in arbitral proceedings either claiming or defending ‘through or under’ a party to the arbitration agreement.
Key takeaways
近年来,金融机构债权人委员会(以下称“金融债委会”)越来越多地参与到大型、知名企业的金融债务重组案例中。实践中,多数金融债委会都会以协议或决定的方式确立 “一致行动原则”。这一原则对金融机构债权人的影响如何?金融机构债权人又当如何应对?本文中,笔者将对这一原则进行解读和分析,并基于笔者的执业经验提出相应建议。
一、金融债委会确立“一致行动原则”的动机
根据银保监会等四部门联合发布的《关于印发金融机构债权人委员会工作规程的通知》(银保监发〔2020〕57号,以下简称《工作规程》),金融债委会系庭外金融债务重组过程中设立的协商性、自律性、临时性组织,其成员主要为金融机构。与破产阶段的债权人委员会的职权由《企业破产法》直接作出规定不同,金融债委会的组织架构、议事规则和工作流程,以及各成员机构权利义务、成员机构退出机制、解散程序等事项均约定于当事人自愿签署的债权人协议中。
设立金融债委会的目的是为金融机构债权人搭建集体协商、共同决策、一致行动的工作平台,避免在企业债务危机爆发后个别金融机构单独“出逃”引起“踩踏”,为企业债务危机的化解争取时间和空间。因此,金融债委会成员有动力明确并遵守“一致行动原则”。