The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York has affirmed a bankruptcy court's ruling that defense costs advanced by an insurer to a debtor under an Interim Fee Advancement and Non-Waiver Agreement (the Interim Agreement) were not held in trust and, therefore, constituted property of the debtor's estate. Great Am. Ins. Co. v. Bally Total Fitness Holding Corp. (In re Bally Total Fitness of Greater N.Y.), No. 09-CV-4052, 2009 WL 1684022 (S.D.N.Y. June 15, 2009).
The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has held that an insured vs. insured exclusion bars coverage for a suit by a debtor-in-possession against former directors and officers of the company. Biltmore Assocs. v. Twin City Fire Ins. Co., No. 06-16417, 2009 WL 1976071 (9th Cir. July 10, 2009). The court rejected the argument that the debtor-in-possession was a different legal entity from the pre-bankruptcy company insured under the policy.
In an unpublished summary order applying New York law, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has affirmed a district court's judgment finding that many of the factual allegations asserted in a complaint against the directors and officers of the bankrupt policyholder were excluded by a prior litigation exclusion, even though some of the excluded losses accrued during time periods not at issue in the prior litigation. Pereira v. Gulf Ins. Co., 2009 WL 1262954 (2d Cir. May 6, 2009).
When can shareholders also have employee status?
Tax treatment in the hands of the creditor
The waiver of debt results in the accounting ‘loss’ of a receivable. Such loss, however, is not automatically tax deductible in the hands of the creditor.
The deductibility of such loss may be prohibited, either because it is deemed not to be incurred to retain or increase taxable income (‘general deduction criterion’), or because it is deemed to be an ‘abnormal or benevolent advantage’ granted to the debtor (‘anti-abuse rule’).
Tax treatment in the hands of the creditor
In Sweden, debt is typically waived through either judicial settlement (Sw. offentligt ackord) (which will not be discussed here) or through private settlement (Sw. underhandsackord) between creditor and debtor.
Tax treatment in the hands of the creditor
The waiver of an outstanding debt by a creditor shall be treated as an extraordinary loss for accounting purposes. As taxable income for corporate income tax purposes is calculated from the company’s accounting results assessed upon accounting regulations, such loss is normally deductible unless income tax law provides for an adjustment.
Tax treatment in the hands of the creditor
Polish tax regulations provide three major methods for obtaining a tax deduction for irrecoverable debt: waiver or forgiveness of debt, debt write-off and revaluation write-off.
Tax treatment in the hands of the creditor
The tax treatment of the forgiveness of debt within a group of companies depends on whether or not such forgiveness is of a “normal nature”. In order to be considered as being of a normal nature, the ‘advantage’ granted by a parent/creditor to its subsidiary/debtor must involve valid business reasons.
Tax treatment in the hands of the creditor