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引言

近期,香港高等法院正式颁布针对一家大型港股公司(“港股公司”)的清盘令并委任清盘人。这宗债项涉及约数十亿美元的清盘呈请终于落下帷幕,也成为香港有史以来涉及金额最大的清盘案件之一。不少客户均希望了解,香港法下这类清盘对债权人利益及权利之影响。我们将持续推出系列文章,为大家介绍有关内容。

案情简介

根据香港公司清盘法律规定,公司任何一位债权人、股东或公司本身均可通过向高等法院提交清盘呈请书发起针对该公司的强制清盘。就该案而言,数月前港股公司的一债权人入禀香港高等法院,对港股公司提起清盘呈请(“呈请”)。该清盘呈请提出后,历经多次聆讯及延期申请,香港高等法院最终针对港股公司颁布了清盘令。

债权人对清盘债务人的行动

一旦公司进入强制清盘程序,根据香港公司清盘法律规定,所有针对该公司的诉讼程序均会自动中止。该规定目的在于确保清盘程序的有序进行,公司资产不会被用于提起或辩护任何法律程序,以保护公司财产和债权人利益。

引言

近期,香港高等法院正式颁布针对一家大型港股公司(“港股公司”)的清盘令并委任清盘人。这宗债项涉及约数十亿美元的清盘呈请终于落下帷幕,也成为香港有史以来涉及金额最大的清盘案件之一。不少客户均希望了解,香港法下这类清盘对债权人利益及权利之影响。我们将持续推出系列文章,为大家介绍有关内容。

案情简介

根据香港公司清盘法律规定,公司任何一位债权人、股东或公司本身均可通过向高等法院提交清盘呈请书发起针对该公司的强制清盘。就该案而言,数月前港股公司的一债权人入禀香港高等法院,对港股公司提起清盘呈请(“呈请”)。该清盘呈请提出后,历经多次聆讯及延期申请,香港高等法院最终针对港股公司颁布了清盘令。

债权人对清盘债务人的行动

一旦公司进入强制清盘程序,根据香港公司清盘法律规定,所有针对该公司的诉讼程序均会自动中止。该规定目的在于确保清盘程序的有序进行,公司资产不会被用于提起或辩护任何法律程序,以保护公司财产和债权人利益。

近年来,由于经济形势下行叠加新冠疫情,众多企业陷入经营困难和债务危机,庭外债务重组因具有较高的灵活性、自主性,不受时间和程序上的限制,成为化解企业债务危机的重要方式,而敏感债权因其涉众性成为庭外债务重组程序中的棘手问题。敏感债权往往与非法集资有着千丝万缕的联系,本文将从庭外重组中涉非(涉嫌非法集资)敏感债权处置角度出发,具体分析敏感债权处置方案中的重点法律问题,以及律师在涉非敏感债权处置中的作用。

一、敏感债权的概念与特征

(一)敏感债权的概念

正如庭外重组一样,对于敏感债权,法律尚未给出明确的定义。结合过往庭外重组等债务风险处置案例,可以将敏感债权理解为:因涉及众多自然人债权人,可能涉嫌非法集资,而需要在债务处置中特别考虑的债权,主要包括涉及个人的理财产品和民间集资。

(二)敏感债权的特征

敏感债权的主要特点如下:

1. 债权人一般为自然人,且人数众多,具有涉众性特点。敏感债权一般涉及众多自然人债权人,这类群体抗风险能力一般较差,企业债务危机爆发后,如果无法及时清偿敏感债权,可能诱发群体性事件,影响社会稳定。

The Singapore International Commercial Court ("SICC") has handed down its first insolvency-related ruling. The court granted recognition and full force and effect to Indonesia's flagship airline's restructuring plan. That plan had been approved in accordance with Indonesian law. In granting recognition to the Indonesian plan under Singapore's version of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, the SICC overruled objections to recognition from aircraft lessors.

On January 23, 2024, the Court of Appeal in England and Wales (the "Appeal Court") upheld a challenge launched by dissenting creditors to overturn the UK Restructuring Plan (the "RP") of the Adler Group previously approved by the High Court under Part 26A of the Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Value Capital Solutions Master Fund LP and others v AGPS BondCo PLC [2024] EWCA Civ 24).

The Bankruptcy Code invalidates "ipso facto" clauses in executory contracts or unexpired leases that purport to modify or terminate the contract or lease (or the debtor's rights or obligations under the contract or lease) based solely on the debtor's financial condition or the commencement of a bankruptcy case for the debtor. It also invalidates state law, rather than a contract, that purports to alter the property interests of the debtor. A more difficult situation arises when those interests are on the outer bounds of "property of the estate."

The Bankruptcy Code provides that, in chapter 11 cases where the court does not find "cause" for the appointment of a trustee, the court "shall" appoint an examiner, upon a request from the Office of the U.S. Trustee (the "UST") or any party-in-interest prior to confirmation of a chapter 11 plan. The examiner's role is to investigate the debtor's affairs or allegations of management misconduct, if either: (i) the court determines that the appointment would be in the best interests of stakeholders and the estate; or (ii) the debtor has qualifying unsecured debt exceeding $5 million.

One of the fundamental goals of a chapter 11 bankruptcy is the maximization of value available for distribution to creditors. The "absolute priority rule" generally applicable in chapter 11 requires that each class of impaired and unaccepting creditors be paid in full before any junior class of claims or interests may receive distributions under the plan. Courts recognize a limited exception to the absolute priority rule, however, allowing prepetition shareholders to retain their interest in the debtor where they contribute new value toward the debtor's reorganization.

Established in 2015 as a trusted neutral forum to meet increasing demand for effective transnational dispute resolution, the Singapore International Commercial Court (the "SICC") is a division of the General Division of the High Court and part of the Supreme Court of Singapore. On January 18, 2024, the SICC handed down its first insolvency-related ruling.

引言

自2022年5月起,上市公司“携带”未到期可转债进入预重整或重整程序的案例逐步在A股视野中涌现。截至目前,重整计划成功执行并顺利处置可转债违约风险的只有*ST正邦(002157)和*ST全筑(603030)两个案例。作为一种上市公司破产重整领域的新兴产品,由于可转债具有债权性、股权性和二级市场可交易等特点,较重整中的其他普通债权更具特殊性,给上市公司破产重整提出了“新课题”,应当在重整中进行定制化处理。

可转债在上市公司破产重整中的处理方式保持了其作为金融工具“进可攻,退可守”的特点,债券持有人可以选择到期兑付、转卖或转股。因此,重整方案设计中最为核心的是保护可转债原持有人在可转债产品项下的合法权利。通常做法为保留可转债持有人一定期限的交易及转股权利,利用可转债的特殊规则为持有人做好权利保护衔接,实现上市公司与持有人的利益共赢。

本文谨从可转债的特殊性及权利保护措施、实践中主要案例总结及重整方案设计要点等三个方面展开,对存续可转债在上市公司破产重整中的处理方式进行总结和探讨。

一、可转债的特殊性及权利保护

(一)可转债的特殊性