South America

OAS SA, the Brazilian builder that skipped bond payments this month as it tries to restructure debt, is seeking a 2 billion-real ($760 million) loan that would be repaid with proceeds from asset sales, three people with knowledge of the matter said, Bloomberg News reported. The loan would be backed by OAS’s stake in Invepar, an airport and toll-road operator, said the people, who asked not to be identified because the discussions are private. Other assets might also be pledged as collateral. The Sao Paulo-based company, which has a stake of 24.4 percent in Invepar, said Jan.

Brazil’s Planning and Budget Ministry ordered the federal government to cut some spending until the country’s congress approves a budget law for 2015, The Wall Street Journal reported. The measure, which is more restrictive than existing rules, is another sign new Finance Minister Joaquim Levy and his economic team, which includes Planning and Budget Minister Nelson Barbosa, are serious about getting public finances in order, economists said. The order, announced Thursday, will save 1.9 billion reais ($708 million) a month, according to Brazil’s Planning and Budget Ministry.

The hopes of easing a debt dispute between Argentina and a group of New York hedge funds seemed to be dashed on Monday after the country’s economy minister made an offer that appeared to fall well short of what the investors were seeking, the International New York Times DealBook blog reported. Argentina made the informal offer after a potentially onerous legal clause in its bonds ceased to apply on Dec. 31. The hedge funds, known as holdouts, had sued Argentina in the United States to get full payments on bonds that the country defaulted on in 2001.

From the days when monarchs over-borrowed for their mercantile adventures, to Argentina’s recent failure to pay its creditors, countries have long run into trouble paying back what they have borrowed. Spain’s 16th-century king, Philip II, reigned over four of his country’s defaults. Greece and Argentina have reneged on their commitments to bondholders seven and eight times respectively over the past 200 years. And most countries have defaulted at least once in their history. But what precisely happens when countries stop paying what they owe?

The Argentine government and a holdout group of bond creditors led by billionaire Paul Singer will soon have a chance to renegotiate a longstanding debt dispute that U.S. courts and the United Nations have wrestled with and that ultimately could affect debt restructuring worldwide, The New Zealand Herald reported on an AP story. The so-called Rights Upon Future Offers clause, built into renegotiated debt exchanges in 2005 and 2010, expires at midnight Wednesday. The clause obligated Argentina to provide older creditors the same terms it gave creditors in any new negotiations.

President Dilma Rousseff said she will tighten Brazil’s budget, increase investment and productivity in an effort to restart economic growth, while minimizing “sacrifices” by the population, Bloomberg News reported. “We will prove that economic adjustments are possible without revoking acquired rights or betraying our social obligations,” Rousseff said Thursday during the swearing-in ceremony for her second term.

There are not many executives who have asked their boss three times whether they should be fired and survived. Maria das Graças Foster, chief executive of Petrobras, Brazil’s crisis-stricken state-owned oil company, says she’s one, the Financial Times reported. She has offered her resignation to Dilma Rousseff, Brazil’s president, on multiple occasions in recent weeks but her close friend of more than a decade has stuck by her — so far.

Creditors approved Brazilian shipbuilder OSX Brasil SA's revamped plan to emerge from bankruptcy late on Wednesday, giving a boost to efforts by controlling shareholder Eike Batista to keep the company afloat while refinancing over $2.6 billion in debt, Reuters reported. OSX's own bankruptcy protection plan, as well as those from subsidiaries OSX Construção Naval SA and OSX Serviços Operacionais Ltda, were approved by an assembly of creditors in Rio de Janeiro, according to a securities filing. OSX had introduced a revamped plan a month ago.

Market fears over Venezuela’s creditworthiness are approaching panic levels as the price of oil plunges, the Financial Times reported. The cost of insuring the South American country’s government debt against default surged to a new high on Wednesday after Opec cut its demand forecast for next year and Brent crude prices fell below $65 a barrel. The five-year credit-default swap on Venezuelan government debt surged more than 832 basis points — its biggest one-day jump on record — to 4019.57 basis points.

Brazilian officials are pushing conservative policies that President Dilma Rousseff recently criticized as a threat to the poor, amid investors’ calls to shore up her government’s credibility and avoid a credit-rating downgrade, The Wall Street Journal reported. Members of Ms. Rousseff’s newly appointed economic team are signaling that they are considering unpopular measures such as tax increases and spending cuts, which the Brazilian leader adamantly opposed during her recent re-election campaign. Her administration has also cut to 0.8% from 3% Brazil’s 2015 growth forecast.