At the end of April 2015 the National Council of the Slovak Republic adopted Act No. 87/2015 Coll., which amends and supplements Act No. 513/1991 Coll. Commercial Code, as amended, and also amends and supplements certain acts (the Amendment). The Amendment will significantly affect the content of the corporate law in Slovakia.
The new “company in crisis” special regime will become effective on 1 January 2016. It applies to limited liability companies, joint-stock companies and limited partnerships in which the general partner is not an individual.
A company is deemed to be in crisis when it is insolvent (within the meaning of the Insolvency Act) or at risk of becoming insolvent, which is the case if a company’s equity (registered capital, reserve fund, other capital funds, etc.) to debt ratio is lower than 4/100. This will increase to 6/100 on 1 January 2017 and to 8/100 the year after.
The Existing System
Despite its introduction to the Slovak legal system in 2006, current laws on debt relief within the framework of bankruptcy of natural persons have not been a viable solution.
Basing the legal institute of debt relief on a two-step procedure:
- starting with bankruptcy (i.e. liquidation of (all) the debtor’s assets)
- then followed by a three-year trial period at the end of which the court releases a resolution on the possibility of personal bankruptcy
has in fact hindered debtors from filing.
Starting from March 1, 2017, the Slovak personal insolvency regime will change. The new system aims to make personal insolvency available to a wider debtor audience, while keeping it simple and cost efficient. Today, only individuals with assets over €1,659.70 can seek declaration of bankruptcy. Otherwise, the proceedings could be stopped and the doors to a “fresh start” closed for “poor” debtors (also called No Income No Asset debtors (NINA)).
Recent amendments to the Enforcement Procedure and the Interim Protection Act facilitate repayment in enforcement proceedings.
Introduction
Bills of exchange are mostly regulated by the sector specific act of 1946 (based on provisions of three 1930’s Geneva conventions). Provisions of other acts (eg, Obligation Code; Obligacijski zakonik) are used secondarily if the Bill of Exchange Act (Zakon o menici) does not contain applicable provisions.
The economic crisis presents a real-life test for the Slovenian insolvency legislation, unequalled in its young history. Numerous insolvency proceedings against Slovene companies have revealed several serious flaws of the Insolvency Act and forced the legislator into continuous amendments.
The Slovenian legislation includes the following types of in rem securities relating to: (i) real properties – mortgage (hipoteka), land debt (zemljiški dolg), real encumbrance (stvarno breme); and (ii) movables and property rights, respectively – pledge (zastavna pravica), retention of title (pridržek lastninske pravice), transfers by way of security (prenos v zavarovanje), and assignment by way of security (odstop v zavarovanje).
Slovenia has amended the Financial Operations, Insolvency Proceedings and Compulsory Dissolution Act (ZFPPIPP or the Insolvency Act) again, following amendments in 2013, amending preventive restructuring, simplified compulsory settlement and personal bankruptcy proceedings. Amendments to the Insolvency Act, which were adopted by the National Assembly on 31 March 2016, will come into force on 26 April 2016.
The main modifications introduced by the amendments are as follows:
The New Law Aims at Protecting Entities against the Negative Effects of Insolvency by their Majority Owners
This week the Slovenian Government sent a new law - the first big anti-corona law package - the Intervention Measures to Mitigate the Effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) Infectious Disease Epidemic on Citizens and the Economy Act into the legislative procedure.