As a general rule, a debtor realizes taxable income upon the partial or total cancellation of its debt. Special rules may apply, however, when the debtor is a “pass-through” entity—e.g., a partnership, a limited liability company (LLC) that is treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes or a subchapter S corporation. Cancellation of debt (COD) income realized by a pass-through entity generally passes through to the entity’s owners, with each owner being required to report its allocable share of such income on its own income tax return.

With the economic crisis leading to the failure of many businesses, bankruptcy cases are on the rise. In many of the cases grabbing headlines, such as Lehman Brothers, Nellson Nutraceutical, New Century and SemCrude, courts have shown a willingness to appoint examiners to investigate, report on and make recommendations regarding possible issues of mismanagement, fraud or other improprieties relating to the affairs of the debtor or its former or current management.

Last week, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Travelers Indemnity Co. v. Bailey,2 establishing an important precedent concerning the ability of bankruptcy courts to release claims against third party non-debtors in chapter 11 plans of reorganization. In the June 2009 issue of Cadwalader’s Restructuring Review newsletter, we introduced this case and considered the potential implications of a ruling on this important but unsettled topic.

vWe are on pace to see a record number of business bankruptcies in 2009, with a notable amount of activity in the retail, manufacturing and automotive sectors. In light of the impact of today's bankruptcies on vendors of goods, it is worthwhile to revisit one of the protections afforded to trade creditors under the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA).

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit recently determined that a judgment-debtor's transfer of property to a transferee with knowledge of the judgment was voidable under the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act. See For Your Ease Only, Inc. v. Calgon Carbon Corp., 560 F.3d 717 (7th Cir. 2009).

Though the transferee had given reasonably equivalent value to the judgment-debtor in exchange for the transfer, the court found that the transferee did not take the judgment debtor's assets in good faith because its principal knew that judgment had been entered.

A Florida bankruptcy court recently clarified what constitutes a contract to extend financial accommodations for the benefit of the debtor, and the circumstances in which those contracts could be assumed, rejected or terminated. In re Ernie Haire Ford, Inc., 403 B.R. 750 (Bankr. M.D. Fla. 2009).

The United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York, overseeing the bankruptcy cases of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. and its affiliated debtors (collectively, the “Debtors”), entered an order on July 2, 2009 (the “Bar Date Order”), establishing September 22, 2009, at 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) as the deadline for the filing of claims against the Debtors (the “Bar Date”).

Lear Corporation and related U.S., Canadian, and Cayman Island affiliates (“Lear”) filed voluntary bankruptcy petitions on July 7, 2009 in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (“Bankruptcy Court”). Lear intends to continue to operate its businesses while in bankruptcy. Other than certain Lear related entities based in Canada and the Cayman Islands, Lear’s non-U.S. subsidiaries do not appear to be included in Lear’s U.S. bankruptcy filing and apparently will continue to operate outside the supervision and jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court.

Late last night, after presiding over a three-day hearing on the matter last week, U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Robert Gerber of the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York issued an order authorizing the sale of substantially all of the assets of General Motors Corporation (“Old GM”) under Section 363 of the Bankruptcy Code (“Section 363 Sale”).

Directors and officers managing corporations, especially when the corporation is insolvent or operating in insolvency situations, need to be cognizant of their fiduciary duties. This alert provides a brief overview of these fiduciary duties, including practical considerations in the exercise of these duties.

Fiduciary Duties When a Corporation is Solvent