For insolvency purposes, the concept of “group” is defined in article 42 of the Spanish Commercial Code, which refers only to groups subject to control that have the legal obligation to consolidate their accounts, while excluding horizontal or co-ordinated groups.3
Judgment of the Court of Appeal of Porto of 05-12-2013
Contract Termination in Favor of the Insolvency Assets – Conditional Termination – Requirements – Bad Faith – Judicial Presumption
La apreciación de mala fe a efectos de subordinación del crédito de la contraparte a la restitución en caso de rescisión exige, además de conocer la situación de insolvencia o proximidad a la insolvencia del deudor, la concurrencia de un aspecto subjetivo (conciencia de que se afecta negativamente –perjuicio- a los demás acreedores) y de un aspecto objetivo (valorativo de la conducta del acreedor, consistente en que esta sea merecedora de la repulsa ética en el tráfico jurídico).
The remaining credit after the cancelation of its guarantee through an assignment in lieu of payment (dación en pago) in favor of a creditor with a lower-ranking guarantee is an ordinary credit and cannot be subject to a new classification
SUPREME COURT RULING OF APRIL 9, 2014, NO. 175/2014: IN THE RESCISSION OF THE ASSIGNMENT IN PAYMENT AGREEMENT (DACIÓN EN PAGO), THE CREDIT OF THE NONDEFAULTING PARTY IS AN INSOLVENCY CLAIM AND NOT AGAINST THE INSOLVENCY ESTATE
The assignment in payment (dación en pago) of debt is an act extinguishing obligations and not a bilateral agreement. Therefore, its rescission leads to an insolvency claim for the non-defaulting party.
I FRAMEWORK OF AVAL
Legal Framework of Aval
The aval consists of a personal guarantee of obligations that is typical of debt securities – in particular bills of exchange, promissory notes and cheques – and enormously important given how often the same is used in practice in the commercial activity, namely the provision of aval to commercial companies, makers of debt securities.
Act 14/2013, of September 27, 2013, favoring entrepreneurs and their internationalization (the “Act”), introduces a wide range of reforms on insolvency, corporate, tax and labor matters. Regarding insolvencies, it takes a more flexible approach to the quorum of financial creditors required for court-sanctioned refinancing agreements and it regulates out-of-court agree-ments for payment as mechanisms for out-of-court negotiation with creditors.
REFINANCING AGREEMENTS
Se rechaza la inscripción del nombramiento de liquidador acordado por la junta general ante la aparición de un activo sobrevenido de una sociedad cuya hoja registral había sido cerrada por el juzgado de lo mercantil ante la conclusión del concurso por inexistencia de bienes.
La DGRN se cuestiona si es posible inscribir el acuerdo de nombramiento de liquidador de una sociedad cuya hoja registral fue cerrada por auto del Juez de lo Mercantil que decretó la conclusión del concurso de acreedores de la sociedad por inexistencia de bienes28.
Any restitution and compensation agreed by the judge when the swap agreement is terminate
The rescission was declared of a mortgage the insolvent company granted over a warehouse it owned in guarantee of the loan a credit institution had granted to a company of its group. The Supreme Court declared (i) that the contextual guarantee was for consideration and (ii) the need for proof of the profit (even indirect) of the guarantor company without merely belonging to the group sufficing, and confirmed that the rescission only affected the guarantee and not the loan.