In a case with truly global implications, the Supreme Court of England and Wales held earlier today that judgments of U.S. Bankruptcy Courts against foreign defendants who had not submitted to the Bankruptcy Court’s jurisdiction were not enforceable in England and Wales in the case of Rubin v. Eurofinance SA.
Factual Background
What happens where a personal injury claimant is made bankrupt part way through the case, or where a bankrupt wishes to bring a claim for personal injury?
- In the current economic climate personal insolvency is common place. According to the official figures, the number of personal insolvencies has risen from about 8,000 per quarter in 2002, to a peak of about 35,000 per quarter at the beginning of 2010. The current trend is a gradual reduction, the second quarter of 2012 seeing 27,390 personal insolvencies. In the last 12 months there have been 115,407 personal insolvencies: 35,456 bankruptcy orders; 30,816 debt relief orders; and 49,135 individual voluntary arrangements.
The Bankruptcy Fees etc (Scotland) Regulations 2012 recently implemented some significant changes to the Accountant in Bankruptcy (AiB)’s fees structure. Key changes include:
There are some strict rules which apply when an individual is made bankrupt. Some of them were brought to the fore recently in the case of Floyd Foster v Davenport Lyons (A Firm) in the Chancery Division EWHC 275 (Ch).
The main cardinal rules are:
Those thinking that the trials and tribulations of the recession may have passed them by and that, if all else failed, at least the pension was safe, may have to think again following two recent court decisions in which pensions came under attack from creditors and trustees in bankruptcy.
The vexed question of whether a future right to receive a pension can be attached to satisfy a judgment, or can be claimed by a trustee in bankruptcy, has long since troubled the courts.
The Scottish Government launched a consultation on the question of the reform of Scotland’s bankruptcy law earlier this year, and a lengthy and detailed consultation paper was released. Those of us who have heard the Accountant in Bankruptcy speak at conferences and the like over recent months eagerly awaited a discussion document which would reflect her guarded admission that things had perhaps swung rather too far in favour of debtors, and the time was right to try to redress that balance by looking towards the impact of debt on creditors.
Raithatha v Williamson (4 April 2012) and Blight and others v Brewster (9 February 2012)
Most pension schemes give the beneficiary an option as to when to start to draw the pension, and whether or not to draw a tax free lump sum. These two cases confirm that a trustee in bankruptcy and a judgment creditor are each entitled to compel a debtor to draw the maximum permitted by the scheme rules, so that the monies realised as a result are available to pay the debt.
Pension schemes and bankruptcy
The High Court has recently considered whether a bankrupt individual of pensionable age can be forced to draw his pension to pay his creditors.
Raithatha v. Williamson [2012] EWHC 909 (Ch)
Background
A bankruptcy order was made against Mr Raithatha on 9 November 2010. Mr Raithatha's trustee in bankruptcy applied for an income payments order (IPO) against Mr Raithatha's pension shortly before he was due to be discharged from bankruptcy. Mr Raithatha was then aged 59 and his pension scheme allowed him to draw a pension from age 55.
On December 29, 2011, the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit issued an opinion in the chapter 11 bankruptcy case In re Nortel Networks, Inc., holding that the "automatic stay" on creditor collection actions outside the bankruptcy applied to prevent the UK Pension Protection Fund and the Trustee of the UK Nortel Pension Plan from participating in UK pensions proceedings initiated by the UK Pensions Regulator.