On October 16, 2014, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit entered an order requiring a real estate lender, First National Bank (the “Lender”), to refund certain mortgage payments it received from Protective Health Management (the “Debtor”), an affiliate of its borrower.1 Because the mortgage payments constituted actual fraudulent transfers, the Fifth Circuit held that the Lender could retain the payments only to the extent of the value of the Debtor’s continued use of the property.2&
Skyrocketing college tuition costs are leaving consumers with greater student-loan debt, while bankruptcy code gives little protection to those struggling under it. Billionaire investor and entrepreneur Mark Cuban says “rising student loan debt is crushing the U.S. economy, preventing recent graduates from buying the things that normally stimulate the economy,” according to a recent Consumer Affairs article.
A junior mortgagee sought to subordinate the senior mortgage loan based on an argument that modification of the senior loan impaired the junior mortgagee’s rights.
In an effort to minimize the risk of loss in connection with a loan default, lenders often employ creative means to make it difficult, if not impossible, for a borrower to file bankruptcy. Lenders are generally aware that the right to seek bankruptcy protection is a fundamental constitutional right, given the inclusion of Congressional power to establish uniform laws on bankruptcy set forth in Article 8 of the U.S. Constitution.
On September 9, 2014, the Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York held that certain senior lenders were not entitled to the benefit of their indentures’ make-whole premiums, because they had voluntarily accelerated their notes. As we have reminded our readers several times, careful drafting of what may seem like basic boilerplate provisions is important. Seemingly benign stand-alone provisions may have unintended consequences when linked together in a single agreement.
Judge Drain’s recent decision confirming the Momentive Performance Materials Inc. plan is just the latest in a series of recent cases involving “make whole” premiums. As in several of the recent cases, the lenders lost because the contract did not clearly enough provide for the make whole premium in the event of an acceleration rather than prepayment.
Loan agreements and bond indentures often contain "make-whole" provisions, which provide yield protection to lenders and investors in the event of a repayment prior to maturity. They accomplish this by requiring the borrower to pay a premium for pre-payment of a loan. This allows lenders to lock-in a guaranteed rate of return when they agree to provide financing. Borrowers also benefit since the yield protection allows lenders to offer lower interest rates or fees than they would absent such protection.
On September 15, Freddie Mac released a bulletin updating portions of Single-Family Seller/Servicer Guide (“Guide”) governing foreclosures and foreclosure alternatives.
We previously covered the Meridian Sunrise Village case on the Bankruptcy Blog here.
Last year, the 112-year old retailer J.C. Penney was regularly in the news – and it was rarely good. The stock was in a free-fall, in the process of dropping from about $20 per share in May 2013 to a low of a little more than $6 dollars per share in late October. Media reports were grim, focusing on the attempt and failure of the former Apple executive Ron Johnson to turn the business around. But now, as we approach the critical holiday season, J.C.