When a company enters a period of financial distress, directors must consider the interests of the company’s creditors and, depending on the extent of the financial distress, may need to prioritise such interests over those of its members. In such distressed situations, the key current heads of liability directors may face (for which they may potentially incur personal liabilities) include wrongful trading, fraudulent trading, misfeasance and breach of duty.

On April 23, 2019, Ropes & Gray, representing a large group of shareholder defendants, won a decision in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York that provides potential fraudulent transfer protection for payments made to shareholders in leveraged buyouts, stock redemptions and other securities transactions.

Constructive Fraudulent Transfer Claims and the Securities Safe Harbor

If you have ever been a creditor concerned about a debtor not paying debts as they become due or paying other creditors while ignoring your demands, then forcing the debtor into an involuntarily bankruptcy may be an option. An involuntary petition can be filed only under Chapter 7 (liquidation) or Chapter 11 (reorganization) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.

The current, ultimate dilemma in the health care reimbursement legal arena is the catastrophically long wait for a hearing with an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) with the Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals (“OMHA”). The estimated wait time for an ALJ hearing after completing the first two levels of appeal is now more than 1,200 days, and the debt being appealed accrues interest at 10.5% the entire time. Moreover, CMS will continue to recoup against new Medicare claims during the three-year wait for a decision-maker that overturns far more decisions than the first two levels.

The South Carolina Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association (the Guaranty) is an unincorporated nonprofit entity created pursuant to the South Carolina Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association Act (the Act). The purpose of the Guaranty is to provide a degree of protection to insureds whose carriers become insolvent. Upon an insurer’s insolvency, the Guaranty assumes the position of the insurer to the extent of the insurer’s obligation relative to covered claim; its liability is derived from that of the insolvent carrier’s liability to the insured.

On February 27, 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling that will make it easier for bankruptcy trustees, creditors’ committees, and other bankruptcy estate representatives to claw back payments made to shareholders in leveraged buyouts and dividend recapitalizations.

Constructive Fraudulent Transfer Claims and the Securities Safe Harbor

From the Bankruptcy Court for the District of South Carolina :

In McCall v. Anderson Brothers Bank (In re McCall), Adv. Pro. No. 16-80008-jw (Bankr. D.S.C. 2016), the Honorable John E. Waites held that a creditor did not willfully violate the automatic stay under the particular facts of the case where the creditor initially refused to return a vehicle to the Debtor after she filed a Chapter 13 case and demanded the vehicle’s return.

On June 27, 2017, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal brought by Ropes & Gray of the Fourth Circuit’s decision in PEM Entities LLC v. Eric M. Levin & Howard Shareff. The Supreme Court’s decision in the case will have significant implications for business owners making debt investments, including rescue loans, and purchasing the distressed third-party debt of their companies.

In a December 9, 2016 ruling, in In re Motors Liquidation Co.,2 the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York denied the motion of a group of creditor private funds and registered funds (the “Funds”) seeking to redact or seal the names of parties holding 10 percent or more of the Funds’ equity interests from their corporate ownership statements and required them to disclose the ownership information in a public filing without redactions.

Alternatives to Bankruptcy from Bankruptcy Law Specialist Christy Myatt

The general notion behind receiverships is to preserve property pending the outcome of a case, or the foreclosure of real property or such other time as the Court deems a Receiver is not required.

The Receiver is usually an unrelated third party or attorney familiar with process.

I. State Court Receiverships

A. Purpose of Receivership

A Receiver plays an important part in three common situations: