The Bankruptcy Code authorizes a bankruptcy trustee to avoid (i.e., obtain the return of) certain types of prepetition property transfers so that the bankrupt estate can be divided among creditors fairly. For example, a trustee may bring actions to set aside transfers made within a specified period before the bankruptcy (preferences) and transfers made deliberately to defraud creditors (fraudulent transfers).

The impact of Argentina's prolonged dispute with the holdouts of its defaulted debt continues to reverberate in the context of foreign sovereign debt restructuring. What has been called the "trial of the century" because of its potential impact on sovereign debt issuances — a clash between the U.S. courts and a foreign sovereign — began in 2001 with Argentina's default.

The last major revision to U.S. business reorganization laws occurred in 1978.
Since then, companies’ capital structures have become more complex and rely
more heavily on leverage, including secured debt in particular; their asset values
are driven less by hard assets and more by services, contracts, intellectual property and
other intangible assets; and their business structures and models increasingly are multinational.
Moreover, there has been a growing perception that troubled companies are