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Re Joint Provisional Liquidators of Moody Technology Holdings Ltd [2020] HKCFI 416

The Hong Kong Court has explained why there is no inconsistency between: (a) its domestic insolvency law which does not permit the appointment of provisional liquidators purely for the purposes of restructuring the company; and (b) common law recognition of foreign "soft-touch" provisional liquidators.

What is a soft-touch provisional liquidator?

Introduction

The immediate focus for Britain’s authorities when dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic has been, quite rightly, to secure the best possible health outcome for the greatest number of people.

Subsequently, following a wave of concern regarding the best way of maintaining the financial status-quo for (i) businesses, (ii) employees, and (iii) individuals, the UK government announced an unprecedented series of assistance programmes, designed to counter the impact of previously unknown, and unquantifiable, distress.

Introduction

Clearly there are some major economic challenges ahead.

Many businesses may be able to withstand the challenges ahead but it may very well be that their trading counterparties (whether suppliers, customers or other stakeholders) will not. Whilst these times can represent an opportunity for some, such as potential acquirers (whether of businesses, assets or distressed debt), in most cases, the climate represents a threat to businesses.

China Lumena New Materials Corp (in provisional liquidation) [2020] HKCFI 338 (decision made on 23 January 2020 and reasons given on 4 March 2020)

This is the first reported scheme of arrangement in Hong Kong seeking to compromise debt governed by PRC law. Under the Gibbs Rule, a foreign composition does not discharge a debt unless it is discharged under the law governing the debt. In this case, the Hong Kong Court considered an exception to the Gibbs Rule and more generally the principles of sanctioning a scheme.

Background

Sit Kwong Lam v Petrolimex Singapore Pte. Ltd [2019] HKCA 1220案 (裁决日期:2019年11月1日)

But Ka Chon v Interactive Brokers LLC [2019] 5 HKC 238案 (裁决日期:2019年8月2日)

在Lasmos Limited v Southwest Pacific Bauxite (HK) Limited [2018] HKCFI 426一案中,当案件所涉债务是一项仲裁协议的标的时,公司法庭改变了原先在这种情况下如何裁定清盘程序的做法(被称为“Lasmos裁决”)。在近期的两起破产案件中,上诉法庭对Lasmos裁决发表了附带意见。

Lasmos案之前的裁决

上海华信国际集团有限公司(在中国大陆清算)[2020] HKCFI 167 (裁决日期:2020年1月13日)

这是香港法院首次向中国大陆法院指定的一家中国大陆公司的管理人发出承认令的案件。该案还考虑如果在送达第三债务人暂准令(garnishee order nisi)后,破产令在外国颁布,此时是否应将第三债务人暂准令转为绝对命令。

案件背景

上海华信国际集团有限公司(以下简称为“CEFC”)是一家在中国大陆注册成立的投资控股公司,是一家企业集团的一部分,该企业集团的业务包括资本融资、石油精炼和基础设施。 2019年11月,上海市第三中级人民法院(以下简称为“上海法院”)下令CEFC破产清算,并指定了联合管理人(以下简称为“管理人”)。

CEFC的资产包括对其在香港地区的子公司上海华信集团(香港)有限公司(以下简称为“香港子公司”)的重大债权,该子公司正在清算中。CEFC已就该债权提供债务证明。

CEFC Shanghai International Group Limited (in Liquidation in the Mainland of the People’s Republic of China) [2020] HKCFI 167 (date of judgement 13 January 2020)

This is the first case in which the Hong Kong Court granted a recognition order to administrators of a PRC company appointed by a PRC Court. The case also considered whether a garnishee order nisi should be made absolute if a foreign bankruptcy order is made after the service of the garnishee order nisi.

Background

Sit Kwong Lam v Petrolimex Singapore Pte. Ltd [2019] HKCA 1220 (date of judgment 1 November 2019)

But Ka Chon v Interactive Brokers LLC [2019] 5 HKC 238 (date of judgment 2 August 2019)

The Companies Court has changed the approach in which winding up proceedings are handled when the alleged debt is the subject of an arbitration agreement in the case of Lasmos Limited v Southwest Pacific Bauxite (HK) Limited [2018] HKCFI 426. In two recent bankruptcy cases, the Court of Appeal made obiter comments on the Lasmos approach.

大禹金融控股有限公司(前称为China Agrotech Holdings Limited浩伦农业科技集团有限公司)(清盘中) [2019] HKCFI 2531 (判决日期2019年10月17日)

这是一宗关于对香港上市的离岸公司进行债务重组中获准并存债务偿还计划的案件。在债务偿还计划中,重组成本通常数额巨大,直接影响对计划债权人的回报。本案中,香港法院对使用并存债务偿还计划,以及重组成本和债权人回报之间的关系,提出了富有远见的意见。

背景情况

大禹金融控股有限公司(前称为China Agrotech Holdings Limited浩伦农业科技集团有限公司)(清盘中)(下称“公司”)成立于开曼群岛,并于香港联交所上市。公司自2015年初开始清盘,其上市状态是公司的唯一重大资产。公司大部分的债务均受香港法管辖。

清算人已找到了一名白衣骑士,以进行债务重组和恢复公司股份的交易。拟议重组计划涉及对公司股本的重构和向投资者发行新股,收益将用于支付收购新业务的费用、公司重组费用和部分解除公司负债。债权人回报率约为4.28%,在开曼群岛和香港开展并存债务偿还计划,预期实现债务重组。

——新修订将如何影响上市公司重组

作为打击壳股活动的一系列举措之一,香港联合交易所有限公司(以下简称“联交所”)修订了《香港联合交易所有限公司证券上市规则》(以下简称“《上市规则》”)中的大量条文,并发布了相关指引信。最新修订的条文于2019年10月1日生效,修订主要关于借壳上市和持续上市准则有关。其他已于2018年开始生效修订的条文与除牌机制和融资规则有关。除此之外,联交所逐渐加强了对新上市申请人的上市适合性审查。尽管这些修订主要针对壳股活动,但是也会影响其他重组活动,包括上市公司破产重组。

我们将在本文中分享对上述修订及其对上市公司破产重组的影响的看法。本文不讨论《上市规则》中所有经过修订的条文,仅关注某些会影响上市公司重组的特定条文。

除牌制度

在2018年8月以前,根据《上市规则》第17项应用指引的规定,除牌程序由三阶段组成。但在2018年8月以后,除牌程序简单化,上市公司持续停牌18个月,联交所即可将其除牌。