New Insolvency or Bankruptcy law for individuals has recently received quite a lot of attention from foreign expatriates living in UAE. The Cabinet of UAE has lately sanctioned a federal law to explicitly govern the cases of bankrupt individuals within the country. The law has been issued to safeguard the business interest of UAE residents, enhancing conditions of insolvent individuals and to ensure healthy competition among businesses.
Understanding bankruptcy laws in the UAE and DIFC in the context of COVID-19-related financial pressures.
Recent court service suspensions announced in the UAE – albeit temporary – as part of the government's response to COVID-19 will undoubtedly have an impact on efficacy of debt recovery options available to creditors, at least in the near short term. These measures come at a time when payment default rates are only expected to increase rapidly and creditors will be looking at what actions they can and should take to protect their position, including short and medium term strategies.
Given the absence of any mandatory set-off rights on insolvency in the current UAE Bankruptcy Law, the application and effectiveness of netting provisions in financial market contracts made with a UAE counterparty has historically been uncertain.
On May 30, 2019, Dubai’s ruler, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum, signed DIFC Insolvency Law, Law No. 1 of 2019 (the “New Insolvency Law”) into law, thereby repealing and replacing DIFC Law No. 3 of 2009. The New Insolvency Law, and supporting regulations (the “Regulations”), became effective on June 13, 2019, and govern companies operating in the Dubai International Financial Centre (the “DIFC”).
The DIFC has introduced a new Insolvency Law (Law No. 1 of 2019) (‘New Insolvency Law’) as a means of enhancing and facilitating a more efficient and effective bankruptcy regime within the free zone. The New Insolvency Law was enacted on 30 May 2019 and came into force on 6 June 2019.
Rather than a wholesale overhaul of the existing law, new concepts have been introduced to provide debtors and creditors a larger toolkit to deal with insolvency situations. We examine three of these new concepts below.
1. Debtor in Possession Regime – Rehabilitation
The UAE Government recently passed legislation that substantially simplifies the procedure for obtaining a payment order.
Payment orders may offer an efficient method to obtain ex parte judgement against a debtor. They are frequently used when claiming amounts arising from bounced checks or other commercial instruments.
In March of 2019, an Emirati limited liability company (the “LLC”) had restructured its debts under the Bankruptcy Law; Federal Decree-Law No. 9 of 2016 which was first published in the Official Gazette on 29 September 2016 and came into force on 29 December 2016.
Under Chapter 4 of the Bankruptcy Law the Bankruptcy Circuit of the Abu Dhabi Primary Court oversaw the restructuring of the LLC under which had been operating in the contracting industry since 2008 and had debts exceeding eighteen times its paid-up capital.
The UAE has issued by Decree Federal Law No. (10) of 2018 on Netting (theUAE Netting Law), with the aim of strengthening the regulatory framework for the settlement of obligations arising from qualified financial contracts. Parties to a contract previously relied on Article 183 of Federal Law No. (9) of 2016 on Bankruptcy (the Bankruptcy Law) to settle debts agreed to under a contract, provided that it is within the context of insolvency and that such contract does not fall within the claw-back provisions (Article 168 of the Bankruptcy Law).