Creation of the Bankruptcy Estate  

Introduction

Earlier this month, the Liquidating Trustee in the Intermet bankruptcy filed preference actions against various defendants. This post will look at the nature of Intermet's business, why the company filed for bankruptcy and the circumstances behind the formation of the Liquidating Trust that is pursuing the preference actions.

Two decades ago, the Supreme Court tackled the issue of whether a third party had submitted itself to jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court. In Granfinanciera, S.A. v. Nordberg,1 the Supreme Court ruled that a party who has not filed a claim against a bankrupt's estate is not subject to the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy courts. A year later, in Langenkamp v.

In Marathon Petroleum Co. v. Cohen (In re Delco Oil Co.),1 the Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit recently held that a trustee could avoid a debtor's post-petition transfers of funds that were cash collateral, notwithstanding that the payments had been made in good faith and in the ordinary course of business.

The automatic stay is one of the most fundamental bankruptcy protections. It enjoins the initiation or continuance of any action by any creditor against the debtor or the debtor’s property, including causes of action possessed by the debtor at time of the bankruptcy filing. The automatic stay offers this protection while bringing all of the debtor’s assets and creditors into the same forum, the bankruptcy court.

Chapter 7 Trustees can and sometimes do successfully avoid creditor’s perfected liens. Typically, the avoidance opportunity arises because the lien was not perfected on a timely basis. The Bankruptcy Code provides that the avoided liens may be “preserved” for the benefit of the bankruptcy estate; this prevents a windfall to a junior lienor who would become the first lienholder courtesy of the Trustee’s success.

Earlier this month Alfred T Giuliano, the Chapter 7 Trustee for National Wholesale Liquidators, began filing various complaints seeking the avoidance and recovery of alleged preferential transfers. On November 19, 2008, I wrote on this blog about the commencement of the National Wholesale Liquidators ("NWL") bankruptcy (read my prior post concerning NWL here). As indicated in the prior post, NWL filed for bankruptcy with an agreement with its lenders that it would either find a buyer while in bankruptcy, or convert and liquidate under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code.

A Maryland bankruptcy court has declared that Side A benefits under a D&O policy are not property of the bankrupt estate, with the result that two former executives who have been accused of making illegal payments and diverting funds from their former employer to start a new venture may be able to recoup certain defense costs. In re: TMST, Inc. f/k/a Thornburg Mortgage, Inc., et al., Docket No. 09-17787 (Bankr.D.Md. Aug. 17, 2010).

In re Visteon Corp., No. 10-1944-cv, 2010 WL 2735715 (3d Cir. July 13, 2010), the Third Circuit held that Visteon Corporation (Visteon) could not terminate unvested retiree health and life insurance benefits during a Chapter 11 bankruptcy without seeking court approval pursuant to Bankruptcy Code § 1114, 11 U.S.C. § 1114. The Third Circuit’s decision departs from the rulings of many other federal courts, and is in tension, if not outright conflict, with the Second Circuit’s decision in LTV Steel Co. v. United Mine Workers (In re Chateaugay Corp.), 945 F.2d 1205 (2d Cir.

Suppliers to chapter 11 debtors-in-possession should always ensure that they are not being paid from the debtor’s “cash collateral” without court approval. Marathon Petroleum Company supplied products to debtor Delco Oil in the ordinary course of its business during the bankruptcy case, but was forced to return all of the postpetition payments it received from Delco, pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code. Marathon was required to return these payments because they were deemed part of the cash collateral that was secured by Delco’s pre-petition creditor, CapitalSource Finance.